Around the world, musical engagement frequently involves movement. Most adults easily clap or sway to a wide range of tempos, even without formal musical training. The link between movement and music emerges early-young infants move more rhythmically to music than speech, but do not reliably align their movements to the beat. Laboratory work encouraging specific motor patterns (e.g., drumming, tapping) demonstrates that toddlers and young children's movements are affected by music in a rudimentary way, such that they move faster to faster rhythms (tempo flexibility). In the present study, we developed and implemented a novel home recording method to investigate how musical familiarity and tempo affect children's naturalistic free-dance movements. Caregivers made home recordings of their children's responses to an experimenter-created playlist (N = 83, age range = 1.25 to 3.91 years, Mage = 2.39 years, SD = .74 years; 41 girls, 42 boys; 75% of household incomes > $90 000 CAD). Children listened to 1-min excerpts of their favorite music and unfamiliar, genre-matched music, each played at 90, 120, and 150 bpm (pitch constant; order randomized). Children moved faster to faster music and demonstrated tempo flexibility for both favorite and unfamiliar music. Favorite music encouraged more smiling across tempo conditions than unfamiliar music, as well as more dancing in the slowest tempo condition. Results demonstrate that young children's self-selected movements are affected by musical tempo and familiarity. We also demonstrate the usefulness of a naturalistic home recording method for assessing early auditory-motor integration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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小舞者：音乐熟悉度和节奏对儿童自由舞蹈的影响。

在世界各地，音乐参与经常涉及运动。大多数成年人即使没有受过正式的音乐训练，也很容易随着各种节奏拍手或摇摆。运动和音乐之间的联系在早期婴儿中出现的音乐比说话更有节奏，但不能可靠地使他们的运动与节拍保持一致。鼓励特定运动模式（例如，打鼓、敲击）的实验室工作表明，幼儿和幼儿的动作受到音乐的基本影响，因此他们以更快的节奏移动（节奏灵活性）。在本研究中，我们开发并实施了一种新颖的家庭录音方法，以研究音乐熟悉度和节奏如何影响儿童的自然主义自由舞蹈动作。看护人在家录制他们孩子的 对实验者创建的播放列表的反应（N = 83，年龄范围 = 1.25 至 3.91 岁，Mage = 2.39 岁，SD = .74 岁；41 名女孩，42 名男孩；75% 的家庭收入 > 90 000 加元）。孩子们听了他们最喜欢的音乐和不熟悉的、流派匹配的音乐的 1 分钟摘录，每首音乐以 90、120 和 150 bpm（音高恒定；顺序随机）播放。孩子们更快地适应更快的音乐，并表现出对喜欢和不熟悉的音乐的节奏灵活性。与不熟悉的音乐相比，最喜欢的音乐在节奏条件下鼓励更多的微笑，以及在最慢的节奏条件下更多地跳舞。结果表明，幼儿的自我选择动作受音乐节奏和熟悉程度的影响。我们还展示了自然家庭录音方法在评估早期听觉-运动整合方面的有用性。