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Defects and performance of Si PV modules in the field – an analysis
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d2ee00109h
J. Denz 1 , J. Hepp 2 , C. Buerhop 1 , B. Doll 2 , J. Hauch 3 , C. J. Brabec 2 , I. M. Peters 1
Affiliation  

Photovoltaic installations will likely become one of the major power sources in the 21st century and we need photovoltaic modules to operate reliably. In this review, we explore what is known today about the status of installed crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules in the world, how different sources classify module defects, and what we might deduce for future installations. Looking at more than 200 results from 132 installations and 79 reports, we find that PV modules in general are robust in outdoor operation, with about one in 250 modules failing completely each year. About one in ten modules will develop a defect resulting in greater than expected power loss throughout their lifetime, and practically every module will develop visually perceivable alterations. We observe no trends of changes over time in these findings, hence there is no indication that future performance will deviate dramatically. We note though that more information is needed. Available studies represent a module fleet with greater age than current installations, and are over-representing multicrystalline – compared to monocrystalline silicon, and AL-BSF – compared to PERC cell architectures. Studies from Asia and Africa and from tropical climates are underrepresented. A major challenge in the analysis was the variety of metrics used. To facilitate easier comparison, we propose reporting guidelines.

中文翻译:

现场硅光伏组件的缺陷和性能——分析

光伏装置很可能成为 21 世纪的主要电源之一,我们需要光伏组件才能可靠运行。在这篇评论中,我们探讨了当今世界上已安装的晶体硅光伏组件的状况,不同来源如何对组件缺陷进行分类,以及我们可能为未来的安装推断出什么。查看来自 132 次安装和 79 份报告的 200 多项结果,我们发现光伏组件在户外运行中总体上是稳健的,每年大约有 250 个组件完全失效。大约十分之一的模块会出现缺陷,导致在其整个生命周期内的功率损耗大于预期,实际上每个模块都会出现视觉上可感知的变化。在这些发现中,我们没有观察到随时间变化的趋势,因此,没有迹象表明未来的表现会发生巨大变化。我们注意到,虽然需要更多信息。现有研究表明,与当前安装相比,组件组的使用年限更长,并且与单晶硅相比,多晶硅和 AL-BSF 与 PERC 电池架构相比过多。来自亚洲和非洲以及热带气候的研究代表性不足。分析中的一个主要挑战是使用的各种指标。为了便于比较,我们提出了报告指南。和 AL-BSF——与 PERC 电池架构相比。来自亚洲和非洲以及热带气候的研究代表性不足。分析中的一个主要挑战是使用的各种指标。为了便于比较,我们提出了报告指南。和 AL-BSF——与 PERC 电池架构相比。来自亚洲和非洲以及热带气候的研究代表性不足。分析中的一个主要挑战是使用的各种指标。为了便于比较,我们提出了报告指南。
更新日期:2022-04-21
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