ABSTRACT

Common bean is an important legume consumed as a source of food and used as a cash crop worldwide. However, its production and productivity are mainly constrained by bacterial and fungal diseases. A field survey was conducted to determine the prevalence, incidence, severity and association of factors influencing common bacterial blight (CBB) and anthracnose epidemics in major bean growing areas of Ethiopia, during 2019. In three regions within six zones from 12 districts, a total of 180 common bean fields were assessed for CBB and anthracnose. The results revealed that CBB and anthracnose were 100% prevalent though CBB was more severe than anthracnose. The logistic regression model showed CBB and anthracnose components were significantly associated with biophysical factors. High CBB incidence (>70%) at Ambo, Arsi-Negele and Shashemene-zuriya and high severity (>30%) at Ambo, Boricha and Shahsemene-zuriya were strongly associated with sole cropping, July sowing, poor weeding practices, maturity stage and own saved seeds. Anthracnose incidence of >50% and severity of >30% had high probabilities of associations with zones, sole cropping, own saved seeds, variety, poor weeding practices and maturity stages. The study indicated that CBB and anthracnose are severe and 100% prevalent in Ethiopia, and efforts should be done towards the usage of clean seeds, weeding practices, following appropriate sowing dates and other appropriate agronomic practices to manage the diseases.

摘要

普通豆是一种重要的豆类，可作为食物来源消费，并在世界范围内用作经济作物。然而，其生产和生产力主要受到细菌和真菌疾病的限制。进行了实地调查，以确定 2019 年埃塞俄比亚主要豆类种植区常见细菌性枯萎病 (CBB) 和炭疽病流行的影响因素的流行率、发病率、严重程度和关联性。在 12 个区的 6 个区中的 3 个区，共对 180 个普通豆田的 CBB 和炭疽病进行了评估。结果表明，CBB 和炭疽病的流行率是 100%，尽管 CBB 比炭疽病更严重。Logistic回归模型显示CBB和炭疽成分与生物物理因素显着相关。Ambo 的 CBB 发病率高 (>70%)，Arsi-Negele 和 Shashemene-zuriya 以及​​ Ambo、Boricha 和 Shahsemene-zuriya 的高严重性 (>30%) 与单一种植、7 月播种、除草方法差、成熟期和自己保存的种子密切相关。炭疽病发病率 > 50% 和严重程度 > 30% 与区域、单一种植​​、自己保存的种子、品种、不良除草方法和成熟阶段相关的可能性很高。该研究表明，CBB 和炭疽病在埃塞俄比亚很严重并且 100% 流行，应努力使用清洁种子、除草方法、遵循适当的播种日期和其他适当的农艺实践来控制这些疾病。成熟阶段和自己保存的种子。炭疽病发病率 > 50% 和严重程度 > 30% 与区域、单一种植​​、自己保存的种子、品种、不良除草方法和成熟阶段相关的可能性很高。该研究表明，CBB 和炭疽病在埃塞俄比亚很严重并且 100% 流行，应努力使用清洁种子、除草方法、遵循适当的播种日期和其他适当的农艺实践来控制这些疾病。成熟阶段和自己保存的种子。炭疽病发病率 > 50% 和严重程度 > 30% 与区域、单一种植​​、自己保存的种子、品种、不良除草方法和成熟阶段相关的可能性很高。该研究表明，CBB 和炭疽病在埃塞俄比亚很严重并且 100% 流行，应努力使用清洁种子、除草方法、遵循适当的播种日期和其他适当的农艺实践来控制这些疾病。