The marine gravity field model is mainly derived from nadir satellite altimetry measurements. However, the accuracy of the east component of the vertical deflection is significantly lower than that of the north component in most areas due to the orbital inclination of altimetry satellites. As a novel altimetry technique, wide-swath altimeters are expected to simultaneously obtain high-precision and high-resolution two-dimensional sea surface height measurements and hence to improve the accuracy and resolution of the recovered marine gravity field model. Here, taking the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) wide-swath altimeter mission as an example, based on the proposed nadir ground tracks and swath width, one cycle of SWOT sea surface height measurements is simulated and compared with one year of the simulated sea surface height measurements from the nadir altimeter missions of Jason-1/GM (Geodetic Mission), Cryosat-2/LRM (Low Rate Mode) and SARAL/GM. Then, the vertical deflections are determined in the South China Sea and part of the Indian Ocean. Compared with the EGM2008 gravity field model, the vertical deflections determined by one cycle of SWOT data are better than the results determined by the combined dataset of Jason-1/GM, Cryosat-2/LRM and SARAL/GM data and can significantly improve the accuracy of east vertical deflection. It is determined that the SWOT random and systematic errors have certain effects on the accuracy of the vertical deflection, but these can be reduced by filtering. In addition, under the premise of the expected accuracy and spatial resolution of the SWOT mission, vertical deflections with grid spacing smaller than 1 arcmin and comparable accuracy could be derived.

海洋重力场模型主要来源于天底卫星测高测量。然而，由于测高卫星的轨道倾角，在大部分地区，垂直偏转东分量的精度明显低于北分量的精度。宽幅测高仪作为一种新型的测高技术，有望同时获得高精度和高分辨率的二维海面高度测量，从而提高回收的海洋重力场模型的精度和分辨率。在这里，以地表水和海洋地形（SWOT）宽幅高度计任务为例，根据提议的最低地面轨迹和幅宽，模拟一个周期的 SWOT 海面高度测量值，并与 Jason-1/GM（大地测量任务）、Cryosat-2/LRM（低速率模式）和 SARAL 的最低点高度计任务的一年模拟海面高度测量值进行比较/通用汽车。然后，确定南海和部分印度洋的垂直偏转。与 EGM2008 重力场模型相比，一轮 SWOT 数据确定的垂向挠度优于 Jason-1/GM、Cryosat-2/LRM 和 SARAL/GM 联合数据集确定的结果，可显着提高东垂偏转精度。确定SWOT随机误差和系统误差对垂直偏转的精度有一定的影响，但可以通过滤波来降低这些影响。此外，