Global policy commitments to refugee protection are shaped by ever-growing pressures, from displacements triggered by conflicts, extremism and climate crisis to domestic fear-based politics. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments were increasingly embracing exclusionary policies, defying the rights of asylum-seekers and refugees stalled in protracted camp settlements. While such policies contrast starkly with core principles espoused in the 1951 Refugee Convention and the Global Compact on Refugees, restrictions on refugees intensified further during the pandemic. This article discusses struggles shaped by these trajectories, drawing on policy analysis and experiences articulated in Tongogara Refugee Camp in Zimbabwe, where displaced people have recently endured impacts of climate disasters along with greater constraints on mobility and the hardening of international borders. We highlight divergences between colonial policy orientations and African philosophies such as Ubuntu that prioritize communal values and humanity towards others. Analysing concerns around encampment and barriers both to resettlement and local integration, we stress that the talents, contributions and fundamental rights of refugees should not be ignored by policy makers, who also need to be attentive to the social and ecological challenges experienced in refugee spaces. Exploring constraints of the various ‘durable solutions’, we draw attention to how uncertainties facing displaced people need to be critically approached as multi-scalar policy matters, beckoning attention to insufficiently met commitments linked with the Global Compact on Refugees, ways of mobilizing resistance to contemporary colonial bordering and support for refugee-led initiatives.

中文翻译：

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全球冲击中的难民政策：营地、重新安置障碍和寻找“持久解决方案”

全球对难民保护的政策承诺受到不断增长的压力的影响，从冲突、极端主义和气候危机引发的流离失所到国内基于恐惧的政治。在 COVID-19 大流行之前，许多政府越来越多地接受排斥政策，无视寻求庇护者和滞留在长期营地定居点的难民的权利。尽管此类政策与 1951 年《难民公约》和《全球难民契约》所支持的核心原则形成鲜明对比，但在大流行期间，对难民的限制进一步加强。本文讨论了由这些轨迹塑造的斗争，借鉴了津巴布韦汤加拉难民营的政策分析和经验，流离失所者最近遭受了气候灾害的影响，流动性受到了更大的限制，国际边界​​变得更加坚固。我们强调殖民政策取向与非洲哲学之间的分歧，例如Ubuntu优先考虑共同价值观和人性。我们分析了对难民营和重新安置和当地融合障碍的担忧，强调政策制定者不应忽视难民的才能、贡献和基本权利，他们还需要关注难民空间所面临的社会和生态挑战。探索各种“持久解决方案”的限制，我们提请注意如何将流离失所者面临的不确定性作为多尺度政策问题进行批判性处理，呼吁关注与《全球难民契约》相关的未充分履行的承诺，动员抵抗当代殖民边界和支持难民主导的倡议。