Integrating agronomic practices can be useful in increasing flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) yield under biotic or abiotic constraints. A study was conducted to determine the combined effect of seeding density, row spacing, fertilizer, and fungicide application on no-till flax yields at three locations (7 site-years) in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. The four treatments were plant density; low (190 plants m^–2) vs. moderate (320 plants m^–2), row spacing; narrow (20 cm) vs. wide-row (40 cm), N rate; 65 vs. 130% of soil test recommendation, and foliar fungicide; pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad vs. no fungicide. No individual treatment parameter significantly affected yield; however, several combinations of treatments did. The combination of moderate density, narrow row spacing, 130% N, and fungicide application showed a 23% mean yield increase across all environments compared with the lowest-yielding combination. Still, yield ranking differed across different growing environments. The overall high-yielding combination was not productive under low-yielding environments. The same high-yielding combination, but with wide row spacing and the same combination with low density provided the most stable and moderate yield across all environments tested. Considering seed cost, yield advantage, and yield stability, the best combination was low density, narrow row spacing with 130% N and fungicide application. Among all practices, the combined application of 130% N and fungicide application significantly increased crop yield by 11% under all growing conditions. In the absence of negative interactions, producers can combine these four practices to increase flax yields depending on the cost.

中文翻译：

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加拿大高产稳定亚麻生产的综合农艺学

在生物或非生物限制条件下，整合农艺实践有助于提高亚麻 ( Linum usitatissimum L.) 产量。进行了一项研究，以确定播种密度、行距、肥料和杀菌剂施用对加拿大萨斯喀彻温省和马尼托巴省三个地点（7 个地点年）的免耕亚麻产量的综合影响。四个处理是植物密度；低（190 株 m ^–2）与中等（320 株 m ^–2)、行距；窄（20 厘米）与宽行（40 厘米），N 率；土壤测试推荐值的 65% 与 130%，以及叶面杀菌剂；唑菌胺酯 + Fluxapyroxad 与无杀菌剂。没有个别处理参数显着影响产量；然而，几种治疗组合确实如此。与最低产量组合相比，中等密度、窄行距、130% N 和杀菌剂应用的组合在所有环境中均显示出 23% 的平均产量增加。尽管如此，不同生长环境的产量排名仍然不同。在低产环境下，整体高产组合没有生产力。相同的高产组合，但具有宽行距和相同的低密度组合，在所有测试环境中提供了最稳定和适中的产量。考虑种子成本、产量优势，和产量稳定性，最佳组合是低密度、窄行距、130% N 和杀菌剂施用。在所有实践中，在所有生长条件下，130% N 和杀菌剂的联合施用显着增加了 11% 的作物产量。在没有负面相互作用的情况下，生产者可以结合这四种做法来根据成本提高亚麻产量。