Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) constitutes a major breakthrough in cancer management that has expanded in the past years due to impressive results showing durable and even curative responses for some patients with hematological malignancies. ACT leverages antigen specificity and cytotoxic mechanisms of the immune system, particularly relying on the patient´s T lymphocytes to target and eliminate malignant cells. This personalized therapeutic approach exemplifies the success of the joint effort of basic, translational and clinical researchers that has turned the patient´s immune system into a great ally in the search for a cancer cure. Adoptive cell therapies are constantly improving to reach a maximum beneficial clinical response. Despite being very promising therapeutic options for certain types of cancers, mainly melanoma and hematological malignancies, these individualized treatments still present several shortcomings including elevated costs, technical challenges, management of adverse side effects and a limited population of responder patients. Thus, it is crucial to discover and develop reliable and robust biomarkers to specifically and sensitively pinpoint the patients that will benefit the most from ACT, as well as those that are at higher risk of developing potentially serious toxicities. Although unique readouts of infused cell therapy success have not yet been identified, certain characteristics from the adoptive cells, the tumor and/or the tumor microenvironment have been recognized to predict patients' outcome upon ACT. Here, we comment on the importance of biomarkers to predict ACT chances of success to maximize efficacy of treatments and increase patients' survival.

中文翻译：

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预测癌症过继细胞疗法反应的生物和分子因素

过继细胞疗法 (ACT) 是癌症管理领域的一项重大突破，该技术在过去几年中得到了扩展，因为令人印象深刻的结果显示出对一些血液系统恶性肿瘤患者的持久甚至治愈性反应。ACT 利用免疫系统的抗原特异性和细胞毒性机制，特别是依靠患者的 T 淋巴细胞来靶向和消除恶性细胞。这种个性化的治疗方法体现了基础、转化和临床研究人员共同努力的成功，这些研究人员已将患者的免疫系统转变为寻找癌症治疗方法的重要盟友。过继细胞疗法不断改进，以达到最大的有益临床反应。尽管对于某些类型的癌症是非常有希望的治疗选择，主要是黑色素瘤和血液系统恶性肿瘤，这些个体化治疗仍然存在一些缺点，包括成本升高、技术挑战、不良副作用的管理和反应患者数量有限。因此，至关重要的是发现和开发可靠和强大的生物标志物，以专门和敏感地确定将从 ACT 中受益最大的患者，以及那些具有较高风险发生潜在严重毒性的患者。尽管尚未确定输注细胞治疗成功的独特读数，但已认识到来自过继细胞、肿瘤和/或肿瘤微环境的某些特征可以预测患者对 ACT 的结果。这里，