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The intrinsically disordered CARDs-Helicase linker in RIG-I is a molecular gate for RNA proofreading.
The EMBO Journal ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-19 , DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109782
Brandon D Schweibenz 1, 2 , Swapnil C Devarkar 1, 2 , Mihai Solotchi 1, 3 , Candice Craig 1, 2 , Jie Zheng 4 , Bruce D Pascal 4 , Samantha Gokhale 5, 6 , Ping Xie 5, 7 , Patrick R Griffin 4, 8 , Smita S Patel 1, 7
Affiliation  

The innate immune receptor RIG-I provides a first line of defense against viral infections. Viral RNAs are recognized by RIG-I's C-terminal domain (CTD), but the RNA must engage the helicase domain to release the signaling CARD (Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain) domains from their autoinhibitory CARD2:Hel2i interactions. Because the helicase itself lacks RNA specificity, mechanisms to proofread RNAs entering the helicase domain must exist. Although such mechanisms would be crucial in preventing aberrant immune responses by non-specific RNAs, they remain largely uncharacterized to date. This study reveals a previously unknown proofreading mechanism through which RIG-I ensures that the helicase engages RNAs explicitly recognized by the CTD. A crucial part of this mechanism involves the intrinsically disordered CARDs-Helicase Linker (CHL), which connects the CARDs to the helicase subdomain Hel1. CHL uses its negatively charged regions to antagonize incoming RNAs electrostatically. In addition to this RNA gating function, CHL is essential for stabilization of the CARD2:Hel2i interface. Overall, we uncover that the CHL and CARD2:Hel2i interface work together to establish a tunable gating mechanism that allows CTD-chosen RNAs to bind the helicase domain, while at the same time blocking non-specific RNAs. These findings also indicate that CHL could represent a novel target for RIG-I-based therapeutics.

中文翻译:

RIG-I 中本质上无序的 CARDs-Helicase 接头是 RNA 校对的分子门。

先天免疫受体 RIG-I 提供了抵御病毒感染的第一道防线。病毒 RNA 被 RIG-I 的 C 末端结构域 (CTD) 识别,但 RNA 必须与解旋酶结构域结合才能从其自身抑制性 CARD2:Hel2i 相互作用中释放信号传导 CARD(半胱天冬酶激活和募集结构域)结构域。因为解旋酶本身缺乏 RNA 特异性,所以必须存在校对进入解旋酶结构域的 RNA 的机制。尽管这些机制对于防止非特异性 RNA 的异常免疫反应至关重要,但迄今为止它们在很大程度上仍未得到表征。这项研究揭示了一种以前未知的校对机制,RIG-I 通过该机制确保解旋酶与 CTD 明确识别的 RNA 结合。这种机制的一个关键部分涉及本质上无序的 CARDs-Helicase Linker (CHL),它将 CARDs 连接到解旋酶子域 Hel1。CHL 使用其带负电荷的区域以静电方式对抗传入的 RNA。除了这种 RNA 门控功能外,CHL 对于 CARD2:Hel2i 界面的稳定至关重要。总的来说,我们发现 CHL 和 CARD2:Hel2i 接口共同建立了一个可调门控机制,允许 CTD 选择的 RNA 结合解旋酶域,同时阻止非特异性 RNA。这些发现还表明,CHL 可以代表基于 RIG-I 的疗法的新靶点。CHL 对于 CARD2:Hel2i 接口的稳定至关重要。总的来说,我们发现 CHL 和 CARD2:Hel2i 接口共同建立了一个可调门控机制,允许 CTD 选择的 RNA 结合解旋酶域,同时阻止非特异性 RNA。这些发现还表明,CHL 可以代表基于 RIG-I 的疗法的新靶点。CHL 对于 CARD2:Hel2i 接口的稳定至关重要。总的来说,我们发现 CHL 和 CARD2:Hel2i 接口共同建立了一个可调门控机制,允许 CTD 选择的 RNA 结合解旋酶域,同时阻止非特异性 RNA。这些发现还表明,CHL 可以代表基于 RIG-I 的疗法的新靶标。
更新日期:2022-04-19
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