Freeze desalination (FD) has several benefits compared to vaporization-based and membrane-based desalination methods. The FD process needs approximately 1/7th of the latent heat required by the vaporization-based desalination processes. The involvement of sub-zero temperature in FD reduces the risk of corrosion and scaling. This paper reviews the advances in FD methods involving stand-alone and hybrid methods that operate with and without utilizing the energy released during the re-gasification of liquefied natural gas. Moreover, the paper discusses the future focus areas for research and development to make FD a commercially feasible technology. Potable water was produced from brackish water and seawater by FD wherein the nucleation was achieved by ice seeding, the mixing of rejected salt from ice into the liquid phase was controlled appropriately, growth of ice crystals was slow, and liquid subcooling was maintained at approximately 4 K. The post-treatment of obtained ice is needed to produce potable water if the process is instigated without ice seeding. The plant capacity of stand-alone progressive FD was higher than the stand-alone suspension FD of seawater. The integration of the falling-film, fractional thawing, and block FD method showed significantly improved plant capacity than the stand-alone suspension FD method. The energy consumption of stand-alone PFC and SFC-based desalination with latent heat recovery was reported close to the reverse osmosis (RO) method. The hybrid (integration of the suspension FD method with membrane distillation) FD method utilizing LNG cold energy consumed less energy than the conventional RO method.

与基于汽化和基于膜的脱盐方法相比，冷冻脱盐 (FD) 具有几个优点。FD 工艺需要大约 1/7 的基于汽化的脱盐工艺所需的潜热。FD 中低于零温度的参与降低了腐蚀和结垢的风险。本文回顾了 FD 方法的进展，包括独立和混合方法，在使用和不使用液化天然气再气化过程中释放的能量的情况下运行。此外，本文还讨论了未来研究和开发的重点领域，以使 FD 成为商业上可行的技术。饮用水通过 FD 由微咸水和海水生产，其中成核是通过冰播种实现的，适当控制冰中废弃盐与液相的混合，冰晶生长缓慢，液体过冷度保持在 4 K 左右。如果启动该过程，则需要对获得的冰进行后处理以生产饮用水没有冰播种。独立渐进式FD的装置容量高于海水的独立悬浮FD。降膜法、分次解冻法和块状 FD 法的集成显示出比独立悬浮 FD 法显着提高的工厂产能。据报道，独立 PFC 和基于 SFC 的潜热回收脱盐的能耗接近反渗透 (RO) 方法。