With climate change and an increasing global human population, the concept of agroforestry is gaining economic and environmental interest. The practice of growing trees and crops on the same land is mainly applied in (sub)tropical climate and rarer in temperate areas where farmers fear decreased understorey crop yields due to competition with trees. However, whether competition is stronger below- (soil moisture, nutrients) or aboveground (light) in a temperate silvoarable agroforestry system (AFS) is not clear. The effects of different treatments of light, water and nutrient availability on crop production in two temperate AFS in Central Switzerland were investigated, where summer barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown as understorey crop under 90%, 40% and 0% shade nets, with and without irrigation and/or fertilisation in a fully factorial design. Yield was reduced by 26% under heavy shade; yield reductions under moderate shade were not significant. Fertilisation and irrigation increased crop yield by 13% and 6–9%, respectively, independent from shade. Individual seed mass was significantly increased by fertilisation from an average of 0.041 g (± 0.008 SD) in unfertilised treatments to an average of 0.048 g (± 0.010) in fertilised treatments. Fertilisation had the biggest impact on total seed number (p < 0.001) with on average 36 (± 26) seeds per individual in unfertilised plots and 61 (± 33) in fertilised plots. This study demonstrates that moderate shade (as can be expected in modern AFS) was not a major limiting factor for barley yield in these two AFS in Switzerland, indicating that AFS with appropriate management combined with suitable selection of understorey crops are an option for agricultural production in temperate regions without significant yield losses.

随着气候变化和全球人口的增加，农林业的概念正在获得经济和环境的关注。在同一块土地上种植树木和农作物的做法主要适用于（亚）热带气候，在温带地区很少见，农民担心由于与树木的竞争而导致下层作物产量下降。然而，在温带宜林农林系统（AFS）中，地下（土壤水分、养分）或地上（​​光照）竞争是否更强尚不清楚。研究了瑞士中部两个温带 AFS 不同光照、水分和养分有效性处理对作物产量的影响，其中夏季大麦 ( Hordeum vulgare )L.) 作为林下作物在 90%、40% 和 0% 遮荫网下种植，在全因子设计中有和没有灌溉和/或施肥。重荫下减产26%​​；中度遮荫下减产不显着。施肥和灌溉分别使作物产量增加了 13% 和 6-9%，与遮荫无关。施肥使单个种子质量显着增加，从未施肥处理的平均 0.041 g (± 0.008 SD) 到施肥处理的平均 0.048 g (± 0.010)。施肥对总种子数的影响最大（p < 0.001) 在未施肥的地块中平均每人 36 (± 26) 颗种子，在施肥的地块中平均有 61 (± 33) 颗种子。本研究表明，适度的阴影（如现代AFS所期望）不是瑞士这两个AFS中大麦产量的主要限制因素，表明具有适当管理的AFS与合适选择的下层作物相结合是农业生产的选择在温带地区没有明显的产量损失。