The effects of spanking on psychosocial outcomes: revisiting genetic and environmental covariation,Journal of Experimental Criminology

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The effects of spanking on psychosocial outcomes: revisiting genetic and environmental covariation
Journal of Experimental Criminology ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s11292-021-09496-5
Nicole Barbaro ₁ , Todd K. Shackelford ₁ , Eric J. Connolly ₂ , Madi Sogge ₃ , Brian B. Boutwell _{4,

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Affiliation

Background

There is a vast literature on the negative associations between spanking in childhood and various psychosocial developmental outcomes; yet, control for potential genetic confounds is rare.

Objectives

The current research aimed to provide probable ranges of estimates of the degree to which genetic and nonshared environmental covariation could explain the reported phenotypic effects in the Gershoff and Grogan-Kaylor (Gershoff and Grogan-Kaylor, Family Relations 65:490–501, 2016a, Gershoff and Grogan-Kaylor, Journal of Family Psychology 30:453, 2016b) meta-analysis of spanking.

Participants and setting.

The analytic sample for Study 1 was secured from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (CNLSY) and consisted of 2868 respondents (siblings and half-siblings). The data for Study 2 were secured from the published literature.

Methods

Study 1 analyzed the data from the CNLSY using univariate ACE models and bivariate Cholesky decomposition models. Study 2 used simulation modeling to provide a summative evaluation of the psychosocial effects of spanking with regard to genetic and nonshared environmental covariation.

Results

Study 1 replicated previous work showing that associations between spanking and outcomes of delinquency, depression, and alcohol use were explained by moderate-to-large degrees of genetic covariation and small-to-moderate degrees of nonshared environmental covariation. Simulation estimates from Study 2 suggest that genetic covariation accounts for a substantial amount of the phenotypic effect between spanking and psychosocial outcomes (≈60–80%), with the remainder attributable to nonshared environmental covariation (≈0–40%).

Conclusions

Results of the current research indicate that continued work on the effects of spanking is best served by behavior genetic research on a broader range of outcomes than what is currently available.

中文翻译：

打屁股对社会心理结果的影响：重新审视遗传和环境的协变

背景

关于童年打屁股与各种心理社会发展结果之间的负面关联有大量文献；然而，对潜在遗传混淆的控制却很少见。

目标

目前的研究旨在提供遗传和非共享环境协变可以解释报告的 Gershoff 和 Grogan-Kaylor 表型效应程度的可能估计范围（Gershoff 和 Grogan-Kaylor，Family Relations 65:490–501, 2016a， Gershoff 和 Grogan-Kaylor, Journal of Family Psychology 30:453, 2016b) 对打屁股的荟萃分析。

参与者和设置。

研究 1 的分析样本来自全国青年纵向调查 (CNLSY) 的儿童，由 2868 名受访者（兄弟姐妹和半兄弟姐妹）组成。研究 2 的数据来自已发表的文献。