Nanoparticle synthesis has seen exponential development recently as its characteristics of high surface area, high rate of adsorption, and easy, cost-effective synthesis have been exploited for the purpose of ground water purification via the removal of organic and inorganic compounds, along with the removal of heavy metals and microbes. The synthesis of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles (ZVI NPs) by green methods has proved to be environmentally friendly in many ways as it employs the use of naturally occurring plant extracts. These nanoparticles have large surface areas and efficiently remove heavy metals. The reducing potential of these ZVI NPs is mostly −0.44 V, thus allowing them to reduce heavy metal compounds such as cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, and arsenic present in wastewater. Irradiated nanoparticles have also exhibited antimicrobial resistance and adsorption. It is also observed that nanoparticles show a higher rate of efficacy at a lower pH. The adsorbent, which is ZVI NPs in this case, when present in large doses reduces heavy metal compounds rapidly and effectively.

中文翻译：

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用于去除重金属的植物源铁纳米粒子

纳米颗粒合成最近出现了指数级的发展，因为它具有高表面积、高吸附率和易于合成、成本效益高的特点，已被开发用于通过去除有机和无机化合物来净化地下水，同时去除重金属和微生物。事实证明，通过绿色方法合成零价铁纳米颗粒 (ZVI NPs) 在许多方面都是环保的，因为它使用了天然存在的植物提取物。这些纳米颗粒具有较大的表面积，可有效去除重金属。这些 ZVI NPs 的还原电位大多为 -0.44 V，因此可以减少废水中存在的重金属化合物，例如镉、铅、锌、铜和砷。辐照过的纳米粒子也表现出抗微生物性和吸附性。还观察到纳米颗粒在较低的 pH 值下显示出更高的功效率。吸附剂，在这种情况下是 ZVI NPs，当以大剂量存在时，可以快速有效地减少重金属化合物。