Rechargeable aluminum battery (RAB) is considered as one of the promising candidates for energy storage systems due to its high volumetric capacity, abundant raw materials, huge cost competitiveness and eco-friendliness. Although some improvements of RABs have been made in recent years, there are still limitations that need to be broken through before the practical applications of RABs, including the low-capacity electrode materials, fast capacity decay, instable SEI, absence of low-cost electrolytes with wide voltage window as well as stable current collectors and binders. Besides altering the intrinsic properties of the electrode materials, the modification of electrolytes is also a popular study trend in RABs, since electrolyte affects greatly on the battery cost, cell performance, the stability of cell components and the reaction mechanisms. The electrolyte plays a central role for the development of RABs. In this review, to provide a full scope of the development of the electrolytes in RABs, we summarize the properties, electrochemical performance and modified strategies of electrolytes used in RABs, aiming to help researchers to understand the limitations of the current electrolytes and guide for promoting their properties. This comprehensive review covers electrolytes have been used in RABs, including ionic liquid electrolytes, high molten temperature salt electrolytes, organic electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes and polymer electrolytes. We heavily focused on the properties of ionic liquids, which are the most frequently used electrolytes in RABs, and the diversity of compositions in ionic liquid electrolytes is also summarized. We also discussed the electrode/electrolyte interfaces in different electrolyte environments. This review aims to provide guidance for choosing appropriate electrolytes and clarify the energy storage mechanism of RABs.

可充电铝电池（RAB）因其高容量、丰富的原材料、巨大的成本竞争力和生态友好性而被认为是储能系统的有希望的候选者之一。尽管近年来对 RABs 进行了一些改进，但在 RABs 的实际应用之前，仍有一些限制需要突破，包括低容量电极材料、容量衰减快、SEI 不稳定、缺乏低成本电解质具有宽电压窗口以及稳定的集电器和粘合剂。除了改变电极材料的固有特性外，电解质的改性也是 RABs 的一个热门研究趋势，因为电解质对电池成本、电池性能、电池组件的稳定性和反应机制有很大影响。电解质在 RAB 的开发中起着核心作用。在这篇综述中，为了全面介绍 RABs 中电解质的发展，我们总结了 RABs 中使用的电解质的性质、电化学性能和改性策略，旨在帮助研究人员了解当前电解质的局限性并指导推广他们的属性。这篇综合综述涵盖了已用于 RAB 的电解质，包括离子液体电解质、高温熔盐电解质、有机电解质、水性电解质和聚合物电解质。我们重点研究了离子液体的特性，离子液体是 RAB 中最常用的电解质，并总结了离子液体电解质中成分的多样性。我们还讨论了不同电解质环境中的电极/电解质界面。本综述旨在为选择合适的电解质提供指导，并阐明 RABs 的储能机制。