Cervical cancer is the fourth cancer in incidence and the third in mortality among women worldwide. Women living with HIV have a significantly increased risk of cervical cancer. The immune response of the host is crucial to determine the course of the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cytokines play an important role modulating viral multiplication and concentrating the immune response in the Th1 or Th2 pattern. The aim of this study is to evaluate the available evidence on the concentration of genital cytokines and their role in HPV infection in HIV-infected women. A systematic search of the literature was performed using MEDLINE by PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, LILACS, Scopus, Science direct, and Web of Science databases on November, 2020, in which the following clusters of terms were applied: HIV infection, HPV infection, and cytokine. Initially, 728 articles were selected, but only 17 were eligible for full-text review, and among them, 9 were included in the qualitative analysis. No restriction was applied in language, publication date, or status. The most studied cytokines in the articles included in this review were interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 (six articles), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6 (five articles), and macrophage inflammatory protein (four articles). The main findings show that there is a reduction in the number of cells expressing IFN-γ (p = .02) and TNF-α (p = .01), in the cervices of HIV-HPV co-infected women compared with those infected only by HPV. In addition, levels of IL-6 (p = .039) and IL-10 (p = .02) are increased in the cervical secretions of HIV-positive women compared to seronegative patients. Despite these findings, there is a clear need of larger studies to understand the role of these immune factors in HPV-induced cervical neoplasia of women co-infected with HIV.

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HIV/人乳头瘤病毒合并感染中的生殖细胞因子：系统评价

宫颈癌是全球女性发病率第四和死亡率第三的癌症。感染艾滋病毒的妇女患宫颈癌的风险显着增加。宿主的免疫反应对于确定人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 感染的过程至关重要，细胞因子在调节病毒增殖和将免疫反应集中在 Th1 或 Th2 模式中起着重要作用。本研究的目的是评估有关生殖细胞因子浓度及其在 HIV 感染女性 HPV 感染中作用的现有证据。2020 年 11 月，PubMed、Embase、Cochrane、LILACS、Scopus、Science direct 和 Web of Science 数据库使用 MEDLINE 对文献进行了系统搜索，其中应用了以下术语集：HIV 感染、HPV 感染、和细胞因子。最初筛选出728篇文章，但只有17篇符合全文审查条件，其中9篇被纳入定性分析。没有语言、出版日期或状态方面的限制。本综述收录的文章中研究最多的细胞因子是干扰素 (IFN)-γ 和白细胞介素 (IL)-10（6 篇）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和 IL-6（5 篇）以及巨噬细胞炎症蛋白（四篇文章）。主要发现表明，表达 IFN-γ 的细胞数量减少（本综述收录的文章中研究最多的细胞因子是干扰素 (IFN)-γ 和白细胞介素 (IL)-10（6 篇）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和 IL-6（5 篇）以及巨噬细胞炎症蛋白（四篇文章）。主要发现表明，表达 IFN-γ 的细胞数量减少（本综述收录的文章中研究最多的细胞因子是干扰素 (IFN)-γ 和白细胞介素 (IL)-10（6 篇）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和 IL-6（5 篇）以及巨噬细胞炎症蛋白（四篇文章）。主要发现表明，表达 IFN-γ 的细胞数量减少（p  = .02) 和 TNF-α ( p  = .01)，与仅感染 HPV 的女性相比，同时感染 HIV-HPV 的女性宫颈中。此外， 与血清阴性患者相比，HIV 阳性女性宫颈分泌物中的 IL-6 ( p  = .039) 和 IL-10 ( p = .02) 水平升高。尽管有这些发现，但显然需要更大规模的研究来了解这些免疫因子在 HPV 诱导的同时感染 HIV 的女性宫颈瘤形成中的作用。