Organic anions facilitate the mobilization of soil organic phosphorus and its subsequent lability to phosphatases,Plant and Soil

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Organic anions facilitate the mobilization of soil organic phosphorus and its subsequent lability to phosphatases
Plant and Soil ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05405-5
Alan E. Richardson ₁ , Emmanuel Delhaize ₁ , Peter R. Ryan ₁ , Richard J. Simpson ₁ , Peter J. Hocking ₁ , Timothy S. George ₂ , Maarten Hens ₃

Affiliation

Purpose

Organic anions commonly released from plant roots and microorganisms are widely reported to mobilize soil phosphorus (P). We characterized soil organic P that was mobilized by organic anions and assessed its amenability to hydrolysis by phosphatase enzymes.

Methods

Six soils differing in organic P concentration were extracted with citrate, malate or oxalate solutions and incubated with preparations of phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, or phytase. Organic P compounds present in these extracts were putatively identified and quantified with solution ³¹P-NMR spectroscopy and the enzyme-labile P fractions were assessed by changes in molybdate-reactive P (MRP) concentration.

Results

Organic P mobilization varied markedly among the organic anions. Extraction with 10 mM citrate was most effective and extracted 7.8-fold more total P than the water controls across all soils. Approximately 95% of the extracted P was non-MRP. The organic anions increased both the amount of P extracted and the proportion of the total extracted P that was phosphatase-labile. Phytase was generally the most effective enzyme with up to 60% of the total non-MRP being amenable to hydrolysis by phytase across all extracts. The presence of inositol hexakisphosphates in the extracts, as well as other forms of organic P including nucleic acids and phospholipids, was verified by ³¹P-NMR with concentrations dependent on both organic anions and soil type.

Conclusion

The combination of organic anions and phosphatases represents a key mechanism by which plants and microorganisms can enhance the bioavailability of soil P. This has important implications for understanding P dynamics in natural and managed ecosystems and for ongoing efforts to improve the P-acquisition efficiency of agricultural plants.

中文翻译：

有机阴离子促进土壤有机磷的迁移及其随后对磷酸酶的不稳定性

目的

通常从植物根部和微生物释放的有机阴离子被广泛报道以动员土壤磷（P）。我们对由有机阴离子调动的土壤有机磷进行了表征，并评估了其对磷酸酶水解的适应性。

方法

用柠檬酸盐、苹果酸盐或草酸盐溶液提取有机磷浓度不同的六种土壤，并与磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶或植酸酶制剂一起孵育。^{这些提取物中存在的有机 P 化合物通过溶液31} P-NMR 光谱进行推定和量化，并通过钼酸盐反应性 P (MRP) 浓度的变化来评估酶不稳定的 P 部分。

结果

有机阴离子的有机磷迁移率显着不同。在所有土壤中，用 10 mM 柠檬酸盐提取最有效，总磷的提取量是水对照的 7.8 倍。大约 95% 的提取 P 是非 MRP。有机阴离子增加了磷提取量和总提取磷中磷酸酶不稳定的比例。植酸酶通常是最有效的酶，高达 60% 的总非 MRP 可在所有提取物中被植酸酶水解。提取物中肌醇六磷酸盐以及其他形式的有机磷（包括核酸和磷脂）的存在通过³¹ P-NMR 验证，其浓度取决于有机阴离子和土壤类型。