An 8-week feeding study was conducted to examine how dietary pantothenic acid (PA) affects growth, antioxidant ability and innate immunity in juvenile black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus). Juvenile fish (7.35 ± 0.06 g) were fed diets with PA at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively. The highest weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were obtained with 10 mg/kg dietary PA (p < 0.05), as well as the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). Adequate dietary PA (10 and 20 mg/kg) markedly upregulated neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin (ORX) and ghrelin (GRL) and downregulated cholecystokinin (CCK) in the brain of these animals (p < 0.05). Intestinal sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) expression and α amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and lipase activities were all improved after supplementation of PA at 10 or 20 mg/kg (p < 0.05). In addition, adequate dietary PA (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the amounts of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver of these animals (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) amounts levels were both markedly decreased with dietary PA at 10 or 20 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Furthermore, adequate dietary PA significantly elevated the mRNA amounts of NFE2-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2) and downregulated Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a) and Keap1b (p < 0.05), and remarkably upregulated innate defense molecules, including lysozyme (LYZ), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2), hepcidin (HEPC), complement 3 (C3) and complement 9 (C9) in the liver (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, elevated dietary PA resulted in increased LYZ activity and C3 content and decreased aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in serum samples from juvenile black carp compared with the groups fed PA-deficient diets (p < 0.05). Moreover, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg PA-containing diets starkly downregulated intestinal interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-11 at the mRNA level in comparison with the PA-deficient diet (0 mg/kg) (p < 0.05). However, PA supplementation at 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg resulted in increased intestinal zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2, ZO-3, claudin 3, claudin 4, claudin 8, claudin 15 and occludin mRNA levels in M. piceus in comparison with the 0 mg/kg PA group (p < 0.05). Jointly, the above findings suggested adequate dietary PA (10 and 20 mg/kg) enhances feed utilization and growth performance, as well as antioxidant capacities and non-specific immune reactions in juvenile M. piceus.

进行了一项为期 8 周的喂养研究，以检查日粮泛酸 (PA) 如何影响幼鱼 ( Mylopharyngodon piceus ) 的生长、抗氧化能力和先天免疫。幼鱼 (7.35 ± 0.06 g) 分别以 0、5、10、20、40 和 80 mg/kg 的 PA 饲料喂养。10 mg/kg 日粮 PA 的增重 (WG)、比生长率 (SGR) 和蛋白质效率比 (PER) 最高 ( p  < 0.05)，饲料转化率 (FCR) 最低。充足的膳食 PA（10 和 20 mg/kg）显着上调这些动物大脑中的神经肽 Y (NPY)、食欲素 (ORX) 和生长素释放肽 (GRL) 并下调胆囊收缩素 (CCK) ( p < 0.05)。补充 10 或 20 mg/kg 的 PA 后，肠道钠依赖性复合维生素转运蛋白 (SMVT) 的表达和 α 淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性均得到改善（p  < 0.05）。此外，充足的膳食 PA（10 和 20 mg/kg）显着增加了抗氧化酶的活性，例如超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPX) 和谷胱甘肽还原酶 (GR)，以及这些动物肝脏中还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 和总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC) 的含量 ( p  < 0.05)。同时，在 10 或 20 mg/kg 的膳食 PA 下，肝脏谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST) 活性和丙二醛 (MDA) 水平均显着降低 ( p < 0.05)。此外，充足的膳食 PA 显着提高了 NFE2 相关核因子 2 (Nrf2) 的 mRNA 含量，下调了 Kelch 样 ECH 相关蛋白 1a (Keap1a) 和 Keap1b ( p  < 0.05)，并显着上调了先天防御分子，包括肝脏中的溶菌酶 (LYZ)、天然耐药相关巨噬细胞蛋白 (NRAMP)、肝脏表达的抗菌肽 2 (LEAP-2)、铁调素 (HEPC)、补体 3 (C3) 和补体 9 (C9) ( p  < 0.05 ）。同时，与饲喂 PA 缺乏日粮组相比，日粮 PA 升高导致青鱼幼鱼血清样品中 LYZ 活性和 C3 含量增加，天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性降低（p < 0.05)。此外，与缺乏 PA 的饮食（0 mg/kg）相比，含 10、20 和 40 mg/kg PA 的饮食显着下调肠道白细胞介素 8（IL-8）和 IL-11 的 mRNA 水平（p  < 0.05 ） ）。然而，以 10、20 或 40 mg/kg 补充 PA 导致肠小带 occludens-1 (ZO-1)、ZO-2、ZO-3、claudin 3、claudin 4、claudin 8、claudin 15 和 occludin mRNA 水平增加与0 mg/kg PA组相比 ( p  < 0.05)。总之，上述研究结果表明，充足的日粮 PA（10 和 20 mg/kg）可提高饲料利用率和生长性能，以及少年M. piceus的抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫反应。