Graphene has been considered as an excellent biochemical sensors’ substrate material because of its excellent physical and chemical properties. Most of these sensors have employed enzymes, antibodies, antigens, and other biomolecules with corresponding recognition ability as recognition elements, to convert chemical signals into electrical signals. However, oxidoreductase enzymes that grow on graphene surfaces are affected significantly by the environment and are easily inactivated, which hinders the further improvement of detection sensitivity and robusticity. A gold-boosted graphene sensor was fabricated by the in situ electrochemical deposition of inorganic gold nanoparticles on vertical graphene nanosheets. This approach solves the instability of biological enzymes and improves the detection performance of graphene-based sensors. The uric acid sensitivity of the gold-boosted electrode was 6230 µA mM⁻¹ cm⁻², which is 6 times higher than the original graphene electrode. A 7 h GNSs/CC electrode showed an impressive detection performance for ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid, simultaneously. Moreover, it exhibited a reliable detection performance in human serum in terms of uric acid. The possible reason could be that the vertical aliened graphene nanosheet acts as a reaction active spot. This 3D graphene-nanosheet-based doping approach can be applied to a wide variety of inorganic catalytic materials to enhance their performance and improve their durability in aspects such as single-atom catalysis and integration of multiple catalytic properties.

中文翻译：

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简便的金纳米粒子增强石墨烯传感器制造增强生化信号检测

石墨烯因其优异的物理化学性能，一直被认为是一种优良的生化传感器基板材料。这些传感器大多采用酶、抗体、抗原等具有相应识别能力的生物分子作为识别元件，将化学信号转化为电信号。然而，生长在石墨烯表面的氧化还原酶受环境影响较大，容易失活，阻碍了检测灵敏度和鲁棒性的进一步提高。通过在垂直石墨烯纳米片上原位电化学沉积无机金纳米粒子来制造金增强石墨烯传感器。这种方法解决了生物酶的不稳定性，提高了基于石墨烯的传感器的检测性能。^-1 cm ^-2，比原始石墨烯电极高6倍。7 小时 GNS/CC 电极同时显示出令人印象深刻的抗坏血酸、多巴胺和尿酸检测性能。此外，就尿酸而言，它在人血清中表现出可靠的检测性能。可能的原因可能是垂直异化的石墨烯纳米片充当了反应活性点。这种基于 3D 石墨烯-纳米片的掺杂方法可应用于多种无机催化材料，以增强其性能并提高其在单原子催化和多种催化性能集成等方面的耐久性。