Increasing the efficiency and sustainability of cattle production is an effective way to produce valuable animal proteins for a growing human population. Genetics and nutrition are the 2 major research topics in selecting cattle with beneficial phenotypes and developing genetic potentials for improved performance. There is an inextricable link between genetics and nutrition, which urgently requires researchers to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms to optimize cattle production. Feedomics integrates a range of omic techniques to reveal the mechanisms at different molecular levels related to animal production and health, which can provide novel insights into the relationships of genes and nutrition/nutrients. In this review, we summarized the applications of feedomics techniques to reveal the effect of genetic elements on the response to nutrition and investigate how nutrients affect the functional genome of cattle from the perspective of both nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. We highlighted the roles of rumen microbiome in the interactions between host genes and nutrition. Herein, we discuss the importance of feedomics in cattle nutrition research, with a view to ensure that cattle exhibit the best production traits for human consumption from both genetic and nutritional aspects.

提高牛生产的效率和可持续性是为不断增长的人口生产有价值的动物蛋白的有效方法。遗传学和营养学是选择具有有益表型的牛和开发遗传潜力以提高性能的两个主要研究课题。遗传学和营养之间有着密不可分的联系，这迫切需要研究人员揭示优化牛生产的潜在分子机制。Feedomics 整合了一系列组学技术，揭示了与动物生产和健康相关的不同分子水平的机制，可以为基因和营养/营养素的关系提供新的见解。在本次审查中，我们总结了饲料组学技术的应用，以揭示遗传元素对营养反应的影响，并从营养遗传学和营养基因组学的角度研究营养如何影响牛的功能基因组。我们强调了瘤胃微生物组在宿主基因和营养之间相互作用中的作用。在这里，我们讨论了饲料组学在牛营养研究中的重要性，以期确保牛从遗传和营养方面表现出最佳的人类消费特性。