Studying the usefulness of contextual and cognitive transdiagnostic therapies calls for an analysis of both their differential efficacy and their specificity when acting on the transdiagnostic conditions on which they focus. This controlled trial compares the post-treatment and 3- and 6-month follow-up effects of Behavioral Activation (BA), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Transdiagnostic Therapy (TD-CBT) on emotional symptomatology, and analyses the role played by Experiential Avoidance, Cognitive Fusion, Activation and Emotion Regulation in the clinical change. One hundred twenty-eight patients who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for anxiety and/or depression (intention-to-treat sample) were randomly assigned to three experimental group-treatment conditions (BA, n = 34; ACT, n = 27; TD-CBT n = 33) and one control group (WL, n = 34). Ninety-nine (77.34%) completed the treatment (per-protocol sample). In the post-treatment, all therapies reduced anxiety and depression symptomatology. In the follow-ups, the reduction in emotional symptomatology was greater in the condition which produced greater and more prolonged effects on Activation. Activation appears to be the principal condition in modifying all the transdiagnostic patterns and BA was the most efficacious and specific treatment. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04117464. Raw data are available online http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/krj3w2hfsj.1.

研究情境和认知跨诊断疗法的有用性需要分析它们在作用于他们关注的跨诊断条件时的不同功效和特异性。这项对照试验比较了行为激活 (BA)、接受和承诺疗法 (ACT) 和认知行为跨诊断疗法 (TD-CBT) 对情绪症状学的治疗后和 3 个月和 6 个月的随访效果，并分析了经验性回避、认知融合、激活和情绪调节在临床变化中的作用。128 名符合焦虑和/或抑郁诊断标准的患者（意向治疗样本）被随机分配到三个实验组治疗条件（BA，n  = 34；ACT，n  = 27; TD-CBT n  = 33）和一个对照组（WL，n  = 34）。九十九 (77.34%) 人完成了治疗（符合方案样本）。在治疗后，所有疗法都减轻了焦虑和抑郁症状。在后续行动中，情绪症状的减少在对激活产生更大和更长时间影响的情况下更大。激活似乎是修改所有跨诊断模式的主要条件，BA 是最有效和最具体的治疗方法。该试验已在 ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04117464 上注册。原始数据可在线获取 http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/krj3w2hfsj.1。