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An older adult advantage in autobiographical recall.
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-14 , DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2063789
Stephen P Badham 1 , Lucy V Justice 1 , Lauren N Jones 1 , James A C Myers 2
Affiliation  

This pre-registered online study aimed to measure the effect of environmental support on age-differences in autobiographical memory alongside memory for images. Young and older adults reported autobiographical memories about which they regularly thought (high environmental support through practice) or that were experimentally cued to be mundane (low environmental support). The support manipulation was also applied to descriptions of images that were produced whilst images remained on screen (high support) or produced from memory (low support). In line with existing theory, support disproportionately benefitted older adults in the quantity of information produced. However, analysis of the autobiographical descriptions showed no age deficit in reporting episodic detail, in contrast to much of the existing literature. A second group of young and older adults also evaluated the descriptions produced, and older adults' descriptions were consistently rated as higher quality than young adults' descriptions across several dimensions, such as vividness and clarity. An unplanned meta-analysis was conducted to assess if a publication bias existed in the literature favoring the reporting of age-deficits in producing episodic detail in autobiographical memory: there was no evidence for a bias and the modal result of age deficits was generally supported. A key distinction is that the current study was conducted online - evidence is presented to argue that older adults may perform better at autobiographical memory tasks outside the lab.

中文翻译:

自传回忆中的老年人优势。

这项预先注册的在线研究旨在衡量环境支持对自传体记忆和图像记忆的年龄差异的影响。年轻人和老年人报告了他们经常想到的自传式记忆(通过实践获得高环境支持)或通过实验提示是平凡的(低环境支持)。支持操作也适用于在图像保留在屏幕上(高支持)或从内存中产生(低支持)时生成的图像的描述。根据现有理论,支持在产生的信息量方面不成比例地使老年人受益。然而,与许多现有文献相比,对自传描述的分析表明在报告情节细节方面没有年龄缺陷。第二组年轻人和老年人也评估了所产生的描述,老年人的描述在多个维度(例如生动性和清晰度)上始终被评为比年轻人的描述质量更高。进行了一项计划外的荟萃分析,以评估文献中是否存在发表偏倚,有利于报告在自传记忆中产生情节细节的年龄缺陷:没有证据表明存在偏倚,年龄缺陷的模态结果得到普遍支持。一个关键的区别是当前的研究是在线进行的——有证据表明老年人在实验室外的自传体记忆任务中可能表现更好。在生动性和清晰度等多个方面,描述的质量始终高于年轻人的描述。进行了一项计划外的荟萃分析,以评估文献中是否存在发表偏倚,有利于报告在自传记忆中产生情节细节的年龄缺陷:没有证据表明存在偏倚,年龄缺陷的模态结果得到普遍支持。一个关键的区别是当前的研究是在线进行的——有证据表明老年人在实验室外的自传体记忆任务中可能表现更好。在生动性和清晰度等多个方面,描述的质量始终高于年轻人的描述。进行了一项计划外的荟萃分析,以评估文献中是否存在发表偏倚,有利于报告在自传记忆中产生情节细节的年龄缺陷:没有证据表明存在偏倚,年龄缺陷的模态结果得到普遍支持。一个关键的区别是当前的研究是在线进行的——有证据表明老年人在实验室外的自传体记忆任务中可能表现更好。进行了一项计划外的荟萃分析,以评估文献中是否存在发表偏倚,有利于报告在自传记忆中产生情节细节的年龄缺陷:没有证据表明存在偏倚,年龄缺陷的模态结果得到普遍支持。一个关键的区别是当前的研究是在线进行的——有证据表明老年人在实验室外的自传体记忆任务中可能表现更好。进行了一项计划外的荟萃分析,以评估文献中是否存在发表偏倚,有利于报告在自传记忆中产生情节细节的年龄缺陷:没有证据表明存在偏倚,年龄缺陷的模态结果得到普遍支持。一个关键的区别是当前的研究是在线进行的——有证据表明老年人在实验室外的自传体记忆任务中可能表现更好。
更新日期:2022-04-14
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