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Long-term commuting times and air quality relationship to COVID-19 in São Paulo
Journal of Transport Geography ( IF 5.899 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103349
P J Pérez-Martínez 1 , J A Dunck 1 , J V de Assunção 2 , P Connerton 2 , A D Slovic 2 , H Ribeiro 2 , R M Miranda 3
Affiliation  

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is an unprecedented global health crisis and the effects may be related to environmental and socio-economic factors. In São Paulo, Brazil, the first death occurred in March 2020 and since then the numbers have grown to 175 new deaths per day in April 2021, positioning the city as the epicenter of the number of cases and deaths in Brazil. São Paulo is one of the largest cities in the world with more than 12 million inhabitants, a fleet of about 8 million vehicles and frequent pollutant concentrations above recommended values. Social inequalities are evident in the municipality, similarly to other cities in the world. This paper focuses on transportation activities related to air pollution and associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases especially on people who developed comorbidities during their whole life. This study relates travel trip data to air quality analysis and expanded to COVID-19 disease. This work studied the relationship of deaths in São Paulo due to COVID-19 with demographic density, with family income, with the use of public transport and with atmospheric pollution for the period between March 17th, 2020 and April 29th, 2021. The main results showed that generally passenger kilometers traveled, commuting times and air quality related diseases increase with residential distance from the city center, and thus, with decreasing residential density. PM2.5 concentrations are positively correlated with COVID-19 deaths, regions with high urban densities have higher numbers of deaths and long-distance frequent trips can contribute to spread of the disease.



中文翻译:

圣保罗的长期通勤时间和空气质量与 COVID-19 的关系

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 疫情是一场前所未有的全球健康危机,其影响可能与环境和社会经济因素有关。在巴西圣保罗,首例死亡发生在 2020 年 3 月,此后该数字已增至 2021 年 4 月每天 175 例新死亡,使该市成为巴西病例和死亡人数的中心。圣保罗是世界上最大的城市之一,拥有超过 1200 万居民,拥有约 800 万辆汽车,污染物浓度经常超过建议值。与世界上其他城市类似,该市的社会不平等现象很明显。本文重点关注与空气污染相关的交通活动以及与心血管和呼吸系统疾病相关的交通活动,尤其是那些一生中患有合并症的人。这项研究将旅行数据与空气质量分析联系起来,并扩展到 COVID-19 疾病。这项工作研究了 2020 年 3 月 17 日至 2021 年 4 月 29 日期间圣保罗因 COVID-19 死亡与人口密度、家庭收入、公共交通使用和大气污染之间的关系。主要结果表明,一般而言,客运公里数、通勤时间和与空气质量相关的疾病随着居住地距市中心的距离而增加,因此,随着居住密度的降低而增加。下午 这项研究将旅行数据与空气质量分析联系起来,并扩展到 COVID-19 疾病。这项工作研究了 2020 年 3 月 17 日至 2021 年 4 月 29 日期间圣保罗因 COVID-19 死亡与人口密度、家庭收入、公共交通使用和大气污染之间的关系。主要结果表明,一般而言,客运公里数、通勤时间和与空气质量相关的疾病随着居住地距市中心的距离而增加,因此,随着居住密度的降低而增加。下午 这项研究将旅行数据与空气质量分析联系起来,并扩展到 COVID-19 疾病。这项工作研究了 2020 年 3 月 17 日至 2021 年 4 月 29 日期间圣保罗因 COVID-19 死亡与人口密度、家庭收入、公共交通使用和大气污染之间的关系。主要结果表明,一般而言,客运公里数、通勤时间和与空气质量相关的疾病随着居住地距市中心的距离而增加,因此,随着居住密度的降低而增加。下午 主要结果表明,一般而言,客运公里数、通勤时间和与空气质量相关的疾病随着居住地距市中心的距离增加而增加,因此,随着居住密度的降低而增加。下午 主要结果表明,一般而言,客运公里数、通勤时间和与空气质量相关的疾病随着居住地距市中心的距离增加而增加,因此,随着居住密度的降低而增加。下午2.5浓度与 COVID-19 死亡呈正相关,城市密度高的地区死亡人数较多,长途频繁旅行会导致疾病传播。

更新日期:2022-04-15
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