ABSTRACT

Sustainable oil palm production is a key issue in global biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. As one of the world’s major vegetable oil crops, oil palm has expanded exponentially to meet increased demand over the past decades. However, previous monitoring and assessments of oil palm plantations were hampered because of the lack of high-resolution annual maps at the global scale. We produced annual oil palm plantation maps in 4 major producer countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Papua New Guinea) in Asia-Pacific from 2007 to 2018 at 100-m resolution using advanced remote sensing techniques with Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. We uncover the global patterns of oil palm expansion and find that global oil palm expansion has a very high degree of potential conflict with local biodiversity. Globally, 99.9% of oil palm plantations overlapped with Conservation Priority Zones (CPZs) and oil palm plantations encroached on 231 protected areas. We suggest to incorporate the related issues into the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.

摘要

可持续油棕生产是全球生物多样性保护和可持续发展的关键问题。作为世界上主要的植物油作物之一，油棕已成倍增长，以满足过去几十年不断增长的需求。然而，由于缺乏全球范围内的高分辨率年度地图，以前对油棕种植园的监测和评估受到了阻碍。从 2007 年到 2018 年，我们使用先进的遥感技术和相控阵 L 波段合成孔径雷达，以 100 米的分辨率在亚太地区的 4 个主要生产国（印度尼西亚、马来西亚、泰国和巴布亚新几内亚）制作了年度油棕种植园地图(PALSAR) 和中分辨率成像光谱仪 (MODIS) 数据。我们揭示了全球油棕扩张模式，发现全球油棕扩张与当地生物多样性存在高度潜在冲突。在全球范围内，99.9% 的油棕种植园与保护区（CPZ）重叠，油棕种植园侵占了 231 个保护区。我们建议将相关问题纳入 2020 年后全球生物多样性框架。