Developing a rapid, low cost and sensitive sensing strategy for undifferentiated detection and fast killing of bacterial pathogens are critical to alleviating bacteria infections. Here, we propose a direct photoreduction method to synthesize the SERS tag by integrating poly(4-cyanostyrene) nanoparticles (NPs) and silver ions, which are applied as bio-sensing system for bacteria sensing and fast killing. Under a focused laser spot, silver ions on the surface of the poly(4-cyanostyrene) NPs could be photoreduced into Ag NPs, thereby causing the Raman signal amplification of poly(4-cyanostyrene) NPs up to 40 times, and there is a good linear correlation between the Raman intensity of poly(4-cyanostyrene) NPs and different concentrations of Ag⁺. Moreover, 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid, performing the same recognition function for both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, is used as bridge between the bacteria and Ag⁺ by the inherent chemical bonding. Based on further constructed bio-sensing system, we achieved the quick count and killing of both Gram-positive bacteria, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Gram-negative bacteria, e.g., Escherichia coli (E. coli). Notably, the sensing strategy can detect at least ∼100 cells of E. coli, ∼10 cells of S. aureus and ∼10 cells of their mixture in less than 40 min. The detection accuracy for actual samples can also reach over 80% and the bacteria were entirely killed by Ag⁺ after the detection, avoiding bacterial contamination in the environment. This novel method is anticipated to perform as a simple yet effective tool for fast and sensitive bacteria counting and killing.

开发用于未分化检测和快速杀死细菌病原体的快速、低成本和灵敏的传感策略对于减轻细菌感染至关重要。在这里，我们提出了一种直接光还原方法，通过整合聚（4-氰基苯乙烯）纳米颗粒（NPs）和银离子来合成 SERS 标签，将其用作细菌传感和快速杀灭的生物传感系统。在聚焦的激光光斑下，聚（4-氰基苯乙烯）纳米粒子表面的银离子可以被光还原为银纳米粒子，从而使聚（4-氰基苯乙烯）纳米粒子的拉曼信号放大高达40倍，并且有一个聚（4-氰基苯乙烯）纳米粒子的拉曼强度与不同浓度的 Ag ^{+之间具有良好的线性相关性}. 此外，4-巯基苯硼酸对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有相同的识别功能，通过其固有的化学键，可用作细菌和Ag ^{+之间的桥梁。}在进一步构建的生物传感系统的基础上，我们实现了对革兰氏阳性菌如金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）和革兰氏阴性菌如大肠杆菌（E.coli）的快速计数和杀灭。值得注意的是，该传感策略可以检测至少~100 个大肠杆菌细胞、~10 个金黄色葡萄球菌细胞在不到 40 分钟的时间内，它们的混合物中大约有 10 个细胞。实际样品的检测准确率也可以达到80%以上，检测后细菌被Ag ⁺完全杀死，避免了环境中的细菌污染。预计这种新方法将作为一种简单而有效的工具，用于快速和敏感的细菌计数和杀灭。