This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a dietary earthworm meal mixture (earthworm meal: EM and wormcast: WC) for replacing fish meal (FM) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). FM was used as the protein source in the control diet (D1), while 30% FM protein was replaced with an EM and WC mixture in the experimental diets, and the specific mixing ratio was as follows: D2 (15.4% EM), D3 (15.1% EM and 1.8% WC), D4 (14.8% EM and 3.7% WC), and D5 (14.5% EM and 5.8% WC). The growth performance was significantly decreased in the D4 and D5 groups compared with the D1 group, while the condition factor was highest in the D2 group (P < 0.05). In the antioxidant and immune respects, the expression levels of the sod and cat genes in hepatopancreas were remarkably upregulated in the D2, D3, and D4 groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, serum lysozyme activities and lysozyme gene mRNA levels in head kidney reached the maximum in the D2 group. Additionally, the expression levels of interleukin 10 (il-10) and transforming growth factor β (tgf-β) in head kidney were enhanced in the D2 group (P < 0.05). For lipid metabolism, the expression levels in hepatopancreas of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (cpt-1) were upregulated, while fatty acid synthase (fas) was significantly downregulated in the D4 and D5 groups (P < 0.05). In terms of intestinal health, dietary EM and WC increased the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbiota. The results showed no negative effect of the dietary earthworm meal mixture on growth performance after 30% FM protein was replaced by 15.4% EM or the 15.1% EM and 1.8% WC mixtures, which was beneficial for the health status of treated common carp.

本研究旨在评估日粮蚯蚓粉混合物（蚯蚓粉：EM 和 wormcast：WC）替代鱼粉 (FM) 对鲤鱼 ( Cyprinus carpio ) 的生长性能、抗氧化能力、脂质代谢和肠道健康的影响。 L.)。FM作为对照日粮（D1）的蛋白源，而实验日粮中30%的FM蛋白用EM和WC的混合物代替，具体混合比例如下：D2（15.4% EM），D3 （15.1% EM 和 1.8% WC）、D4（14.8% EM 和 3.7% WC）和 D5（14.5% EM 和 5.8% WC）。D4、D5组生长性能较D1组明显下降，而D2组条件因子最高（P < 0.05)。在抗氧化和免疫方面，D2、D3、D4组肝胰腺中sod和cat基因的表达水平显着上调（ P  < 0.05）。此外，头肾血清溶菌酶活性和溶菌酶基因mRNA水平在D2组达到最大值。此外， D2组头肾中白细胞介素10（ il-10）和转化生长因子β（tgf-β ）的表达水平升高（ P  < 0.05）。对于脂质代谢，肉碱棕榈酰转移酶 1 ( cpt-1 ) 在肝胰腺中的表达水平上调，而脂肪酸合酶 ( fas）在 D4 和 D5 组显着下调（P  < 0.05）。在肠道健康方面，膳食 EM 和 WC 增加了肠道微生物群的多样性和丰度。结果表明，将30% FM 蛋白替换为15.4% EM 或15.1% EM 和1.8% WC 混合物后，蚯蚓粉混合物对生长性能没有负面影响，这有利于处理过的鲤鱼的健康状况。