The influence of anthropogenic noise on the behavior of male mantled howler monkeys,American Journal of Primatology

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The influence of anthropogenic noise on the behavior of male mantled howler monkeys
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-13 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23377
Eréndira Gómez-Espinosa ₁ , Pedro A D Dias ₁ , Ariadna Rangel-Negrín ₁

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Anthropogenic noise is increasingly disturbing natural soundscapes and affecting the physiology, behavior, and fitness of wildlife. However, our knowledge about the impact of anthropogenic noise on wild primates is scant. Here, we assess the effects of anthropogenic noise on the behavior of male mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata). Specifically, we describe the types, rates, and sound pressure level (SPL) of anthropogenic noise that occurs in areas inhabited by mantled howler monkeys and determine if the behavioral responses of males to anthropogenic noise are influenced by noise attributes. For 1 year (1753 h), we characterized anthropogenic noise in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve (Veracruz, Mexico) and studied the behavior of males belonging to five groups. Anthropogenic noise was common, diverse, and varied among areas in terms of rate, type, and SPL. Males did not display behavioral responses toward most (60%) anthropogenic noises, but were more likely to respond to certain noise types (e.g., aerial traffic) and toward noise with high SPL. Group identity influenced the likelihood of displaying behavioral responses to noise. The most common behavioral responses were vocalizations and vigilance. Males vocalized in response to noise with high SPL, although this relationship depended on group identity. The effect of the number of noises on vocalizations also varied among groups. Males were more likely to display vigilance toward high SPL and infrequent noise, but, again, these relationships varied among groups. In sum, anthropogenic noise is pervasive in areas inhabited by mantled howler monkeys and influences male behavior. Experience and frequency of exposure may modulate the behavioral responses of male mantled howler monkeys to noise and explain the group differences.

中文翻译：

人为噪声对雄性披风吼猴行为的影响

人为噪声越来越多地扰乱自然音景，并影响野生动物的生理、行为和健康。然而，我们对人为噪音对野生灵长类动物的影响的了解很少。在这里，我们评估了人为噪声对雄性披风吼猴 ( Alouatta palliata ) 行为的影响。）。具体来说，我们描述了发生在披风吼猴居住地区的人为噪声的类型、速率和声压级 (SPL)，并确定雄性对人为噪声的行为反应是否受噪声属性的影响。1 年（1753 小时），我们对洛斯图斯特拉斯生物圈保护区（墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯）的人为噪声进行了表征，并研究了属于五组的男性的行为。人为噪声在频率、类型和 SPL 方面是常见的、多样的，并且在不同地区之间存在差异。男性对大多数（60%）人为噪音没有表现出行为反应，但更有可能对某些噪音类型（例如，空中交通）和高声压级噪音做出反应。群体身份影响了对噪音表现出行为反应的可能性。最常见的行为反应是发声和警惕。男性对高声压级的噪音做出反应，尽管这种关系取决于群体身份。噪音数量对发声的影响也因组而异。男性更有可能对高声压级和不常见的噪音表现出警惕，但同样，这些关系因群体而异。总而言之，人为噪音在披肩吼猴居住的地区普遍存在，并影响雄性行为。暴露的经验和频率可能会调节雄性披风吼猴对噪音的行为反应并解释群体差异。噪音数量对发声的影响也因组而异。男性更有可能对高声压级和不常见的噪音表现出警惕，但同样，这些关系因群体而异。总而言之，人为噪音在披肩吼猴居住的地区普遍存在，并影响雄性行为。暴露的经验和频率可能会调节雄性披风吼猴对噪音的行为反应并解释群体差异。噪音数量对发声的影响也因组而异。男性更有可能对高声压级和不常见的噪音表现出警惕，但同样，这些关系因群体而异。总而言之，人为噪音在披肩吼猴居住的地区普遍存在，并影响雄性行为。暴露的经验和频率可能会调节雄性披风吼猴对噪音的行为反应并解释群体差异。

更新日期：2022-04-13

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