Data science has arrived, and computational statistics is its engine. As the scale and complexity of scientific and industrial data grow, the discipline of computational statistics assumes an increasingly central role among the statistical sciences. An explosion in the range of real-world applications means the development of more and more specialized computational methods, but five Core Challenges remain. We provide a high-level introduction to computational statistics by focusing on its central challenges, present recent model-specific advances and preach the ever-increasing role of non-sequential computational paradigms such as multi-core, many-core and quantum computing. Data science is bringing major changes to computational statistics, and these changes will shape the trajectory of the discipline in the 21st century.

中文翻译：

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二十一世纪的计算统计与数据科学

数据科学已经到来，计算统计是它的引擎。随着科学和工业数据的规模和复杂性的增长，计算统计学科在统计科学中扮演着越来越重要的角色。现实世界应用范围的爆炸式增长意味着越来越多的专业计算方法的发展，但仍然存在五个核心挑战。我们通过关注其核心挑战，对计算统计进行高级介绍，展示最近特定模型的进展，并宣扬非序列计算范式（如多核、众核和量子计算）的日益重要的作用。数据科学正在给计算统计带来重大变化，这些变化将塑造该学科在 21 世纪的发展轨迹。