Anxiety and depressive symptoms are common, comorbid, and consequential for adolescents. Attachment theory suggests that styles of relationships with parents, developed from patterns of interactions over time, contribute to risk for these internalizing symptoms. This may be especially relevant for high-risk, clinically severe adolescents. However, most research focuses primarily on attachment relationships to mothers. Some theoretical perspectives also suggest that attachment to other caregivers (such as fathers) may not only be uniquely important for understanding internalizing symptoms but may also interact with maternal attachment. Therefore, it is important to examine these attachment relationships in tandem. The present study examines associations between attachment and internalizing symptoms in a sample of 1,141 youth (12-20 years old; 54.0% female, 96.5% White) from a multisite residential treatment facility. Youth reported on attachment anxiety and avoidance with both parents, as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms. Response surface analyses were used to examine curvilinear, interactive, and fit effects using a model comparison approach. Overall, for patterns of anxious attachment, the best-fitting models reflected simple additive and linear effects. For avoidant attachment, best-fitting models included interactions and fit patterns, suggesting the meaning of maternal attachment was dependent on paternal and vice versa. After accounting for covariates, however, maternal attachment was the sole predictor in most models except attachment avoidance predicting depressive symptoms. These results have implications for attachment theory and research, and further work untangling these complex effects may inform clinical practice for high-risk adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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高危青少年的母亲和父亲依恋：与焦虑和抑郁症状的独特和互动关联。

焦虑和抑郁症状是青少年常见的、共病的和必然的。依恋理论表明，随着时间的推移，从互动模式发展而来的与父母的关系风格会增加这些内化症状的风险。这可能与高风险、临床严重的青少年特别相关。然而，大多数研究主要集中在与母亲的依恋关系上。一些理论观点还表明，对其他照顾者（如父亲）的依恋可能不仅对理解内化症状特别重要，而且可能与母体依恋相互作用。因此，重要的是要同时检查这些依恋关系。本研究调查了 1,141 名青年（12-20 岁；54. 0% 女性，96.5% 白人）来自多点住宅治疗设施。青少年报告了与父母双方的依恋焦虑和回避，以及焦虑和抑郁症状。响应面分析用于使用模型比较方法检查曲线、交互和拟合效果。总体而言，对于焦虑依恋模式，最佳拟合模型反映了简单的加性和线性效应。对于回避型依恋，最佳拟合模型包括相互作用和拟合模式，这表明母亲依恋的意义取决于父亲，反之亦然。然而，在考虑协变量后，除了依恋回避预测抑郁症状外，大多数模型中母亲依恋是唯一的预测因子。这些结果对依恋理论和研究有影响，解开这些复杂影响的进一步工作可能会为高危青少年的临床实践提供信息。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。