Careful consideration of the tradeoff between Type I and Type II error rates when designing experiments is critical for maximizing statistical decision accuracy. Typically, Type I error rates (e.g., .05) are significantly lower than Type II error rates (e.g., .20 for .80 power) in psychological science. Further, positive findings (true effects and Type I errors) are more likely to be the focus of replication. This conventional approach leads to very high rates of Type II error. Analyses show that increasing the Type I error rate to .10, thereby increasing power and decreasing the Type II error rate for each test, leads to higher overall rates of correct statistical decisions. This increase of Type I error rate is consistent with, and most beneficial in the context of, the replication and “New Statistics” movements in psychology.

中文翻译：

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复制时代心理科学第一类错误率的再思考


设计实验时仔细考虑 I 型错误率和 II 型错误率之间的权衡对于最大化统计决策准确性至关重要。通常，在心理科学中，I 类错误率（例如，0.05）显着低于 II 类错误率（例如，0.80 幂为 0.20）。此外，积极的发现（真实效果和第一类错误）更有可能成为复制的焦点。这种传统方法导致 II 类错误发生率非常高。分析表明，将 I 类错误率提高到 0.10，从而提高功效并降低每次测试的 II 类错误率，从而提高正确统计决策的总体比率。 I 类错误率的增加与心理学中的复制和“新统计”运动是一致的，并且在其背景下是最有益的。