Plant and soil responses to grazing intensity drive changes in the soil microbiome in a desert steppe,Plant and Soil

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Plant and soil responses to grazing intensity drive changes in the soil microbiome in a desert steppe
Plant and Soil ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05409-1
Zhen Wang _{1,

2} , Shenyi Jiang _{1,

3} , Hai Wang ₁ , Ke Jin ₁ , Riliga Wu ₁ , Risu Na ₁ , Huabing Mu ₁ , Na Ta ₁ , Paul C. Struik ₄

Affiliation

Background and aims

Grazing pressure can degrade environmental quality and disrupt ecosystem structure and functions, while its potential effect on the soil microbiome is unclear.

Method

We evaluated the effects of grazing intensity (CK: no grazing, LG: light grazing, MG: moderate grazing, HG: heavy grazing, and OG: overgrazing) on soil microbial diversity and community composition in a desert steppe.

Results

Different microbial communities were found under different grazing intensities, resulting from differences in soil moisture, nutrients and plant species. Alpha-diversity in the bacterial community was strongly correlated with soil organic content (SOC) and soil water content, while the alpha-diversity of the fungi depended on the SOC and pH of the soil. Grazing treatments LG, HG and OG caused strong shifts in bacterial and fungal community composition. Heavy grazing (HG and OG) significantly increased the relative abundances of Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, and Firmicutes bacteria, while light grazing (LG) significantly decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. Grazing intensities HG and OG increased the relative abundances of certain fungi (e.g., Ascomycota). Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that bacterial communities had a more complex network than fungal communities. A multivariate regression tree demonstrated that the bacterial community responded to grazing via changes in the biomass of perennial plant species and SOC, whereas the SOC and pH value altered the fungal community composition.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that different grazing intensities can initiate different changes in the soil microbiome; sustainable grazing intensity over decades facilitates the recovery of primary productivity and ecosystem functions in a desert steppe.

中文翻译：

植物和土壤对放牧强度的反应驱动沙漠草原土壤微生物组的变化

背景和目标

放牧压力会降低环境质量并破坏生态系统结构和功能，而其对土壤微生物组的潜在影响尚不清楚。

方法

我们评估了放牧强度（CK：不放牧，LG：轻度放牧，MG：中度放牧，HG：重度放牧，OG：过度放牧）对沙漠草原土壤微生物多样性和群落组成的影响。

结果

由于土壤水分、养分和植物种类的差异，在不同的放牧强度下发现了不同的微生物群落。细菌群落的α多样性与土壤有机物含量（SOC）和土壤含水量密切相关，而真菌的α多样性取决于土壤的SOC和pH值。放牧处理 LG、HG 和 OG 引起了细菌和真菌群落组成的强烈变化。重度放牧 (HG 和 OG) 显着增加了 Chloroflexi、Gemmatimonadetes 和厚壁菌门细菌的相对丰度，而轻放牧 (LG) 显着降低了放线菌的相对丰度。放牧强度 HG 和 OG 增加了某些真菌（例如，子囊菌）的相对丰度。共现网络分析表明，细菌群落比真菌群落具有更复杂的网络。多元回归树表明，细菌群落通过多年生植物物种和 SOC 的生物量变化来响应放牧，而 SOC 和 pH 值改变了真菌群落组成。