Surface liming triggers improvements in subsoil fertility and root distribution to boost maize crop physiology, yield and revenue,Plant and Soil

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Surface liming triggers improvements in subsoil fertility and root distribution to boost maize crop physiology, yield and revenue
Plant and Soil ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05432-2
João William Bossolani ₁ , Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ₁ , Letusa Momesso ₁ , José Roberto Portugal ₁ , Luiz Gustavo Moretti ₁ , Ariani Garcia ₁ , Mariley de Cássia da Fonseca ₁ , Vitor Alves Rodrigues ₁ , Juliano Carlos Calonego ₁ , André Rodrigues dos Reis ₂

Affiliation

Background and aims

Liming is widely used to alleviate soil acidity worldwide. However, the vast majority of studies with liming are restricted to agricultural systems that incorporate lime into the soil, not considering its effects as surface applications. Although liming effects on soil fertility and crop yield are well understood, there are few studies that elucidate the role of soil improvements in the established crop physiology and the revenue in lime-amended soils, especially when cultivated in regions prone to agroclimatic risks. Here, we address the effects of surface liming, for three growing seasons (2017–2019) subsequent to the lime treatment (2016), on soil fertility, root growth, crop nutrition, photosynthetic pigment concentrations, gas exchange parameters and production costs of maize cultivated in a tropical region on an acidic soil with low water regime.

Methods

The treatments consisted of four dolomitic lime doses applied to the soil surface as follows: i) control (untreated soil), ii) half the recommended dose (½ RD), iii) full recommended dose (1 RD) and iv) twice the recommended dose (2 RD).

Results

Surface liming increased soil fertility, and higher doses provided better results. Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentrations increased at greater depths under higher lime doses, directly influencing maize root growth. Even under low water availability, also in the driest year of 2018, this liming induced improvement of growing conditions and increased growth was observed’. Maize grown under lime at 2 RD exhibited better nutrition, improved chlorophylls concentration, photosynthetic parameters and water use efficiency. As a result, both shoot growth and grain yield also increased. Net profit in the first growing season was higher in 1 RD, whereas in the two following growing seasons the application of 2 RD resulted in higher revenue.

Conclusions

Increased water use efficiency, chlorophyll and photosynthesis were the main physiological traits regulating the growth and yield of maize plants in response to lime supply. Additionally, root development was favoured in the entire soil profile, mainly in deeper layers, after improvements on soil fertility by cascading effects of liming. These results were more prominent in 2RD lime-amended soil, which also resulted in greater net profit over the 3 years studied.

中文翻译：

地表石灰引发土壤肥力和根系分布的改善，以提高玉米作物的生理、产量和收入

背景和目标

石灰在世界范围内被广泛用于缓解土壤酸度。然而，绝大多数关于石灰的研究仅限于将石灰掺入土壤的农业系统，没有考虑其作为表面应用的影响。尽管石灰对土壤肥力和作物产量的影响已广为人知，但很少有研究阐明土壤改良在既定作物生理和石灰改良土壤中的作用，尤其是在容易发生农业气候风险的地区种植时。在这里，我们讨论了在石灰处理（2016 年）之后的三个生长季节（2017-2019 年），表面石灰对土壤肥力、根系生长、作物营养、光合色素浓度、

方法

处理包括施用到土壤表面的四种白云石灰剂量如下：i）对照（未处理的土壤），ii）推荐剂量的一半（½ RD），iii）推荐的全部剂量（1 RD）和iv）推荐剂量的两倍剂量（2 RD）。

结果

表面石灰增加了土壤肥力，更高的剂量提供了更好的结果。在较高的石灰剂量下， Ca ²⁺和 Mg ²⁺浓度随深度增加，直接影响玉米根系生长。即使在水资源匮乏的情况下，也是在 2018 年最干旱的一年，这种石灰会导致生长条件的改善和生长的增加”。在 2 RD 的石灰下生长的玉米表现出更好的营养、改善的叶绿素浓度、光合参数和水分利用效率。结果，枝条生长和籽粒产量也增加了。第一个生长季节的净利润在 1 RD 中较高，而在随后的两个生长季节中，2 RD 的应用导致更高的收入。