Inland fisheries in South and Southeast Asia represent important sources of food, and many are extensively stocked. Stocking often catalyses wider changes in inland fisheries is considered in this context. Stocking can be beneficial, providing additional sources of food, incentives to manage, and income-generating opportunities. However, there are also identifiable risks: stocking can be used to avoid or ignore addressing reasons underlying the degradation of inland fisheries and economic development, tenure arrangements, and culture technologies involved in stocking can combine to transform the very nature of inland fisheries. These transformations can degrade environments and alter the nature and distribution of benefits, potentially marginalising and impoverishing fishers. There is consequently a need to consider and assess more explicitly in advance the implications of stocking for the nature and distribution of social and environmental costs and benefits, and the risks related to access to, and availability of, food.

中文翻译：

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南亚和东南亚内陆食用渔业的放养：问题、风险和回报

南亚和东南亚的内陆渔业是重要的食物来源，而且许多渔业资源丰富。在这种背景下，放养往往会促进内陆渔业发生更广泛的变化。放养是有益的，可以提供额外的食物来源、管理激励和创收机会。然而，也存在可识别的风险：放养可以用来避免或忽视解决内陆渔业退化的根本原因，而经济发展、权属安排和放养所涉及的养殖技术可以结合起来改变内陆渔业的本质。这些转变可能会导致环境退化，改变利益的性质和分配，可能导致渔民边缘化和贫困。因此，有必要提前更明确地考虑和评估放养对社会和环境成本和效益的性质和分配的影响，以及与粮食获取和供应相关的风险。