The aquaculture sector has been the key factor in meeting the growing demand for high-quality food by contributing significantly to the global fish production. The portion of fishmeal in aqua feeds has been decreased significantly in recent years, however, increased production in aquaculture still led to demands of fishmeal that cannot be covered by sustainably caught small pelagic fish. Hence, alternatives for fishmeal in aqua feeds are an inevitable necessity. Different plant proteins have been evaluated in the past and rapeseed proteins are considered valuable protein sources for fishmeal-free aqua feeds. Rapeseed is highly available on a global scale and provides one of the most balanced amino acid composition among plant-based protein sources. Additionally, rapeseed cultivation is characterised by low production costs, ecological and economic benefits in cereal-dominated agriculture and provision of two highly nutritive products. Subsequently, rapeseed proteins have been intensely investigated over the past decades and knowledge of the application of these proteins in diets for different species of fish has improved dramatically. However, there is no adequate complete review for the application of rapeseed proteins in aqua feeds. This review outlines and discusses the relevant factors influencing the inclusion of rapeseed proteins as fishmeal alternatives in fish diets and highlights provisional thresholds for anti-nutritive substances as well as future research needs.

中文翻译：

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菜籽蛋白作为鱼粉替代品：综述

水产养殖业对全球鱼类生产做出了重大贡献，一直是满足对优质食品日益增长的需求的关键因素。近年来，水产饲料中鱼粉的比例显着下降，但水产养殖产量的增加仍然导致可持续捕捞的小型中上层鱼类无法满足鱼粉的需求。因此，水产饲料中鱼粉的替代品是不可避免的。过去对不同的植物蛋白进行了评估，油菜籽蛋白被认为是无鱼粉水产饲料的宝贵蛋白质来源。油菜籽在全球范围内高度可用，并提供植物蛋白来源中最平衡的氨基酸组成之一。此外，油菜籽种植的特点是生产成本低，以谷物为主的农业的生态和经济效益以及提供两种高营养产品。随后，在过去的几十年里，人们对油菜籽蛋白进行了深入研究，并且对这些蛋白在不同鱼类饮食中的应用知识有了显着提高。然而，对于油菜籽蛋白在水产饲料中的应用，还没有充分的完整评价。本综述概述并讨论了影响将油菜籽蛋白作为鱼粉替代品纳入鱼类饮食的相关因素，并强调了抗营养物质的临时阈值以及未来的研究需求。在过去的几十年里，人们对油菜籽蛋白进行了深入研究，并且对这些蛋白在不同鱼类饮食中的应用知识有了显着提高。然而，对于油菜籽蛋白在水产饲料中的应用，还没有充分的完整评价。本综述概述并讨论了影响将油菜籽蛋白作为鱼粉替代品纳入鱼类饮食的相关因素，并强调了抗营养物质的临时阈值以及未来的研究需求。在过去的几十年里，人们对油菜籽蛋白进行了深入研究，并且对这些蛋白在不同鱼类饮食中的应用知识有了显着提高。然而，对于油菜籽蛋白在水产饲料中的应用，还没有充分的完整评价。本综述概述并讨论了影响将油菜籽蛋白作为鱼粉替代品纳入鱼类饮食的相关因素，并强调了抗营养物质的临时阈值以及未来的研究需求。