C1 gaseous substrates (CH₄, CO_2, and CO) derived from natural gas, biogas, and syngas, are of interest due to their threats to the environment or inefficient utilization. Benefiting from advanced genetic editing tools and bioconversion strategies, metabolically engineered C1-gas-utilizing microorganisms (CGUM), such as methanotrophs, cyanobacteria, and acetogens, are capable of utilizing C1 gaseous feedstocks as the sole substrates for cell growth and synthesis of chemicals and biofuels. In this paper, we critically review metabolic pathways related to the assimilation of C1 gaseous substrates for alcohol biosynthesis in several model CGUM. Metabolic engineering approaches utilized to enhance the carbon conversion efficiency, microbial growth and biosynthesis of desired alcohols are summarized, including the regulation of C1 gaseous substrates activation and electron and energy supply, the accumulation of key intermediates, and the manipulation of target gene expression to optimize carbon flux to bioalcohols. In addition, challenges in the efficient microbial conversion of C1 gaseous substrates are explored and discussed. The strategies of bioalcohol biosynthesis presented here could guide the development of a variety of efficient biological routes for CH₄, CO_2, and CO utilization in the future.

C1 气态底物（CH ₄、CO _{2 、}和 CO）源自天然气、沼气和合成气，由于它们对环境的威胁或低效利用而受到关注。得益于先进的基因编辑工具和生物转化策略，代谢工程改造的利用 C1 气体的微生物 (CGUM)，如甲烷氧化菌、蓝细菌和产乙酸菌，能够利用 C1 气体原料作为细胞生长和化学物质合成的唯一底物，生物燃料。在本文中，我们批判性地回顾了几种模型 CGUM 中与 C1 气体底物同化用于酒精生物合成相关的代谢途径。总结了用于提高所需醇的碳转化效率、微生物生长和生物合成的代谢工程方法，包括调节 C1 气态底物的活化和电子和能量供应，关键中间体的积累，以及调控靶基因表达以优化碳向生物醇的通量。此外，探索和讨论了 C1 气态底物的有效微生物转化方面的挑战。本文介绍的生物醇生物合成策略可以指导开发多种有效的 CH 生物途径₄、CO ₂和未来CO的利用。