The application of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied. Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’ fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely unknown. In this study, we collected feces from six donors with heavy (H) or light (L) body weight and different ages (d 42, nursery; d 96, growing; and d 170, finisher) to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient pigs. Generally, recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning (21 ± 2 days of age) inherited the donor’s growth pattern, while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor BW. FMT from heavier donors (NH, GH, and FH) led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts (NL, GL, and FL, respectively) throughout the growing and most finishing stages. This benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASV25 Faecalibacterium, ASV61 Faecalibacterium, ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified, ASV144 Bulleidia, and ASV129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASV13 Escherichia during nursery stage. Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery stage. FMT of older donors’ gut microbiota expedited recipients’ microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49, indicated by increased estimated microbiota ages. The age-associated bacterial taxa included ASV206 Ruminococcaceae, ASV211 Butyrivibrio, ASV416 Bacteroides, ASV2 Streptococcus, and ASV291 Veillonellaceae. The body weight differences between GL and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid, lysine and methionine, mixed acid fermentation, expedited glycolysis, and sucrose/galactose degradation. Overall, our study provided insights into how donor age and body weight affect FMT outcomes regarding growth performance, microbiota community shifts, and lower GI tract metabolic potentials. This study also provided guidance to select qualified donors for future fecal microbiota transplantation.

中文翻译：

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供体年龄和体重决定粪便微生物群移植对受体猪生长性能和粪便微生物群发育的影响

粪便微生物群移植（FMT）在改善猪生长性能方面的应用已经零星研究过。这些研究大多使用单一微生物群来源，因此供体特征对受体猪粪便微生物群发育和生长性能的影响在很大程度上是未知的。在这项研究中，我们收集了六名体重（H）或轻（L）和不同年龄（42 天，育儿期；96 天，生长期；170 天，育成者）的供体的粪便，以评估它们对生长性能的影响和受体猪的粪便微生物群发育。一般来说，在断奶（21 ± 2 日龄）时接受了来自保育期和育肥期供体的两剂 FMT 的受体继承了供体的生长模式，而用生长阶段材料灌胃的猪与对照猪相比，无论供体体重如何，体重增加的数量都更大。来自较重供体（NH、GH 和 FH）的 FMT 导致受者在整个生长阶段和大多数精加工阶段与较轻的供体（分别为 NL、GL 和 FL）相比，在数值上增加了增长。这种益处可归因于 ASV25 Faecalibacterium、ASV61 Faecalibacterium、ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified、ASV144 Bulleidia 和 ASV129 Oribacterium 的富集以及 ASV13 Escherichia 在育苗阶段的减少。来自生长和育肥供体的粪便微生物群移植在保育阶段显着影响了受体猪的微生物群落。老年捐赠者肠道菌群的 FMT 加速了受者在第 35 天和第 49 天的微生物群成熟，通过增加的估计微生物群年龄表明。与年龄相关的细菌分类群包括 ASV206 Ruminococcaceae、ASV211 Butyrivibrio、ASV416 Bacteroides、ASV2 Streptococcus 和 ASV291 Veillonellaceae。GL 和 GH 猪在第 104 天的体重差异与必需氨基酸、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的合成增加、混合酸发酵、糖酵解加速和蔗糖/半乳糖降解有关。总体而言，我们的研究提供了关于供体年龄和体重如何影响 FMT 生长性能、微生物群落变化和下消化道代谢潜力等结果的见解。该研究还为未来粪便微生物群移植选择合格供体提供了指导。ASV211 Butyrivibrio、ASV416 拟杆菌、ASV2 链球菌和 ASV291 Veillonellaceae。GL 和 GH 猪在第 104 天的体重差异与必需氨基酸、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的合成增加、混合酸发酵、糖酵解加速和蔗糖/半乳糖降解有关。总体而言，我们的研究提供了关于供体年龄和体重如何影响 FMT 生长性能、微生物群落变化和下消化道代谢潜力等结果的见解。该研究还为未来粪便微生物群移植选择合格供体提供了指导。ASV211 Butyrivibrio、ASV416 拟杆菌、ASV2 链球菌和 ASV291 Veillonellaceae。GL 和 GH 猪在第 104 天的体重差异与必需氨基酸、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的合成增加、混合酸发酵、糖酵解加速和蔗糖/半乳糖降解有关。总体而言，我们的研究提供了关于供体年龄和体重如何影响 FMT 生长性能、微生物群落变化和下消化道代谢潜力等结果的见解。该研究还为未来粪便微生物群移植选择合格供体提供了指导。赖氨酸和蛋氨酸、混合酸发酵、加速糖酵解和蔗糖/半乳糖降解。总体而言，我们的研究提供了关于供体年龄和体重如何影响 FMT 生长性能、微生物群落变化和下消化道代谢潜力等结果的见解。该研究还为未来粪便微生物群移植选择合格供体提供了指导。赖氨酸和蛋氨酸、混合酸发酵、加速糖酵解和蔗糖/半乳糖降解。总体而言，我们的研究提供了关于供体年龄和体重如何影响 FMT 生长性能、微生物群落变化和下消化道代谢潜力等结果的见解。该研究还为未来粪便微生物群移植选择合格供体提供了指导。