Turn-taking is universally seen in humans during the completion of various tasks. Turn-taking is also reported in non-human animals in the wild; however, in these cases turn-taking is displayed during innate and stereotypic behaviors, so it may differ from turn-taking seen in humans. In the present study, budgerigars were trained to take turns between two individuals under operant control. Two cages were placed adjacent to one another and each cage contained one bird of a pair. Each bird pecked a response key in turn to produce a peck sequence for a reward. All pairs learned this task and one bird of the pairs often pecked the LED slightly before the signal onset, indicating that the peck was not a mere reaction to the LED signal. Furthermore, the preference examination suggested that a male bird pecked more rapidly while paired with a bird he preferred. Thus, they created a “pseudo” turn-taking sequence similar to humans. In addition, results from the male bird suggests a possibility that peck timing may be influenced by their preference. This study did not show whether birds collectively worked for a goal; however, the partner dependent behavior may be elements to form “true” turn-taking behavior.

在完成各种任务的过程中，轮流在人类中普遍存在。在野外的非人类动物中也报告了轮流；然而，在这些情况下，轮流在先天和刻板行为中表现出来，因此它可能与人类看到的轮流不同。在本研究中，虎皮鹦鹉被训练在操作控制下的两个人之间轮流。两个笼子彼此相邻放置，每个笼子包含一对中的一只鸟。每只鸟依次啄一个响应键以产生一个啄序列作为奖励。所有配对都学会了这项任务，其中一只鸟经常在信号开始之前稍微啄一下 LED，这表明啄不仅仅是对 LED 信号的反应。此外，偏好检查表明，与他喜欢的鸟配对时，雄性鸟的啄食速度更快。因此，他们创建了一个类似于人类的“伪”轮换序列。此外，雄性鸟类的结果表明啄食时间可能会受到它们的偏好的影响。这项研究没有显示鸟类是否为一个目标集体工作。然而，依赖伙伴的行为可能是形成“真正的”轮流行为的要素。