In Ethiopia, soil fertility problem caused by acidity substantially limits agricultural productivity, necessitating sustainable integrated nutrient management. This study assessed the effect of combined application of lime, manure and inorganic fertilizer on selected hydrophysical properties of an acid clay Nitisols in the Koga irrigation scheme, Ethiopia. Five levels of integrated soil fertility management treatments were tested for four consecutive cropping seasons: (i) 0.86 t ha⁻¹ lime combined with 3 t ha⁻¹ manure and full−dose inorganic (urea and NPS−B) fertilizer (L3); (ii) 1.15 t ha⁻¹ lime combined with 3 t ha⁻¹ manure and full−dose inorganic fertilizer (L2); (iii) 1.43 t ha⁻¹ lime combined with 3 t ha⁻¹ manure and full−dose inorganic fertilizer (L1); (iv) 3 t ha⁻¹ manure combined with full−dose inorganic fertilizer (M); and (v) full−dose inorganic fertilizer alone (C) as a control. Undisturbed soil samples were collected at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depths and analyzed to determine saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), soil−water retention characteristics, total porosity and bulk density. Disturbed soil samples were collected at the same depths to analyze soil organic carbon and texture. Infiltration capacity measurements and visual evaluation of soil structural quality were done in the field. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) soil organic carbon was found at L1, L2, L3 and M compared with C. The application of L1, L2, L3 and M reduced bulk density compared with the C. The amount of water retained at field capacity (FC) was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the treatments in the order of L1 > L2 > M > L3 > and C for both soil depths 0–10 and 10–20 cm. The Ks under plots treated with L1 was 64% and 37% higher than that of C for the 0–10 and 10–20 soil depths, respectively. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher infiltration capacity was found at L1 (0.007 cm min⁻¹) followed by L2, L3 and M (0.006 cm min⁻¹, 0.006 cm min⁻¹, and 0.005 cm min⁻¹) compared with C (0.004 cm min⁻¹), respectively. Good soil structural quality (Sq) score was identified in L1, L2, L3 and M, whereas in C poor Sq score was found. As compared with C, grain yield was improved by 69% at L1, 59% at L2, 53% at L3, and 44% at M during 2018 and by 70% at L1, 58% at L2, 55% at L3 and 46% at M in 2019. In conclusion, the application of organic manure combined with lime and inorganic fertilizer enhanced the infiltration rate, water holding capacity and grain yield more than the inorganic fertilizer application alone. There was also a significant effect of liming as such, with the highest doses showing the best results.

在埃塞俄比亚，由酸度引起的土壤肥力问题极大地限制了农业生产力，因此需要可持续的综合养分管理。本研究评估了在埃塞俄比亚 Koga 灌溉系统中联合施用石灰、粪肥和无机肥料对酸性粘土 Nitisol 的选定水物理特性的影响。连续四个种植季节测试了五个水平的土壤肥力综合管理处理： (i) 0.86 t ha ^-1石灰与 3 t ha ^-1肥料和全剂量无机（尿素和 NPS-B）肥料 (L3)；(ii) 1.15 t ha ^-1石灰与 3 t ha ^-1粪肥和足量无机肥料 (L2)；(iii) 1.43 吨公顷^-1石灰与 3 t ha ^-1粪肥和足量无机肥料 (L1) 结合使用；(iv) 3 t ha ^-1粪肥与足量无机肥料 (M)；(v) 单独使用全剂量无机肥料 (C) 作为对照。在 0-10 和 10-20 cm 土壤深度采集原状土壤样品并分析以确定饱和水力传导率（Ks)、土壤保水特性、总孔隙度和容重。在相同深度采集扰动土壤样品，分析土壤有机碳和质地。在现场进行了土壤结构质量的渗透能力测量和视觉评估。与 C 相比，L1、L2、L3 和 M 的土壤有机碳显着增加（P < 0.05）。与 C 相比，L1、L2、L3 和 M 的施用降低了容重。田间持水量的保水量(FC) 受 L1 > L2 > M > L3 > 和 C 处理的影响显着（P < 0.05），土壤深度为 0-10 和 10-20 cm。KS _对于 0-10 和 10-20 土壤深度，用 L1 处理的地块下分别比 C 高 64% 和 37%。^{与 C 相比，在 L1 (0.007 cm min -1} ) 之后发现 L2、L3 和 M (0.006 cm min ^-1、0.006 cm min ^-1和 0.005 cm min ^-1 )的入渗能力显着 (P < 0.05) （0.004 厘米最小值^-1）， 分别。在 L1、L2、L3 和 M 中确定了良好的土壤结构质量 (Sq) 评分，而在 C 中发现了较差的 Sq 评分。与 C 相比，2018 年 L1、L2 和 59%、L3 和 M 的粮食产量分别提高了 69%、59%、53%和 44%，在 L1、L2 和 46 中分别提高了 70%、58%、55%和 46 % at M in 2019. 总之，与单独施用无机肥相比，有机肥与石灰和无机肥结合施用对入渗率、持水性和粮食产量的提高更大。石灰也有显着的效果，最高剂量显示最佳效果。