Advances in self-organizing cardiac organoids to recapitulate human cardiogenesis have provided a powerful tool for unveiling human cardiac development, studying cardiovascular diseases, testing drugs, and transplantation. Here, we highlight the recent remarkable progress on multicellular cardiac organoids and review the current status for their practical applications. We then introduce key readouts and tools for assessing cardiac organoids for clinical applications, address major challenges, and provide suggestions for each assessment method. Lastly, we discuss the current limitations of cardiac organoids as miniature models of the human heart and suggest a direction for moving forward toward building the mini-heart from cardiac organoids.

自组织心脏类器官在重现人类心脏发生方面的进展为揭示人类心脏发育、研究心血管疾病、测试药物和移植提供了强大的工具。在这里，我们重点介绍多细胞心脏类器官最近取得的显着进展，并回顾其实际应用的现状。然后，我们介绍用于评估临床应用的心脏类器官的关键读数和工具，解决主要挑战，并为每种评估方法提供建议。最后，我们讨论了心脏类器官作为人类心脏微型模型的当前局限性，并提出了从心脏类器官构建微型心脏的方向。