To explore the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vehicular exhaust sources and evaporative sources with ethanol gasoline (E10) as the main fuel, VOCs sampling campaigns were carried out in the north third ring tunnel of Zhengzhou city for two consecutive weeks in December 2019. In addition, the characteristics of traffic flow and environmental information were also monitored in the tunnel. Firstly, 106 VOCs were quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and then source apportionment of VOCs in the tunnel was carried out using a positive matrix factorization (PMF5.0)-chemical mass balance (CMB8.2) composite model. Finally, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) of vehicle exhaust sources and evaporative sources were analyzed using the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) and fractional aerosol coefficient (FAC). The results showed that ρ(VOCs) in the tunnel was (2794.5±147.4) μg·m-3 during the experiment, among which halogenated hydrocarbons[(32.4±2.0)%] accounted for the highest proportion, followed by aromatic hydrocarbons[(27.5±0.6)%] and alkanes[(23.3±0.8)%]. Source apportionment of vehicular VOCs showed that exhaust emissions (62.5%)>evaporative emissions (37.5%), whereas the contribution of OFP was that exhaust emissions (71.9%)>evaporative emissions (28.1%), and the contribution of SOAFP was that exhaust emissions (75.8%)>evaporative emissions (24.2%). The dominant components of OFP in evaporative sources were m,p-diethylbenzene, isoprene, and trans-2-pentene, whereas m,p-diethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene were the dominant components of SOAFP. The major components of OFP in exhaust sources were m,p-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, whereas m,p-xylene, m,p-diethylbenzene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were the dominant components of SOAFP. In regions where ethanol gasoline is used, special attention should be paid not only to the exhaust emissions control but also to strengthening the emissions reduction of VOCs from vehicle evaporative sources, especially the high active components such as aromatic hydrocarbons and alkenes.

中文翻译：

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[隧道研究中车辆VOCs排放的特征和来源解析]。

为探究以乙醇汽油（E10）为主要燃料的汽车尾气源和蒸发源挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放特征，连续两周在郑州市北三环隧道开展VOCs采样活动。 2019年12月。此外，还对隧道内的交通流量特征和环境信息进行了监测。首先，使用气相色谱/质谱 (GC/MS) 对 106 种 VOCs 进行定量分析，然后使用正矩阵分解 (PMF5.0)-化学质量平衡 (CMB8.2) 复合材料对隧道中的 VOCs 进行源解析模型。最后，使用最大增量反应性（MIR）和分数气溶胶系数（FAC）分析了汽车尾气源和蒸发源的臭氧形成潜力（OFP）和二次有机气溶胶形成潜力（SOAFP）。结果表明，实验过程中隧道内ρ(VOCs)为(2794.5±147.4) μg·m-3，其中卤代烃[(32.4±2.0)%]占比最高，其次是芳烃[( 27.5±0.6)%]和烷烃[(23.3±0.8)%]。车辆VOCs源解析显示，尾气排放（62.5%）>蒸发排放（37.5%），而OFP的贡献为尾气排放（71.9%）>蒸发排放（28.1%），SOAFP的贡献为尾气排放排放（75.8%）>蒸发排放（24.2%）。蒸发源中OFP的主要成分是间,对-二乙基苯、异戊二烯和反式-2-戊烯,而间,对-二乙基苯、间,对-二甲苯和1,2,3-三甲苯是OFP的主要成分索菲特。废气源中OFP的主要成分是间,对二甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯和1,3,5-三甲苯,而间,对二甲苯、间,对二乙基苯和1,3, 5-三甲苯是 SOAFP 的主要成分。在使用乙醇汽油的地区，不仅要特别注意尾气排放控制，还要加强汽车蒸发源VOCs的减排，特别是芳烃、烯烃等高活性成分。3-三甲苯是 SOAFP 的主要成分。废气源中OFP的主要成分是间,对二甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯和1,3,5-三甲苯,而间,对二甲苯、间,对二乙基苯和1,3, 5-三甲苯是 SOAFP 的主要成分。在使用乙醇汽油的地区，不仅要特别注意尾气排放控制，还要加强汽车蒸发源VOCs的减排，特别是芳烃、烯烃等高活性成分。3-三甲苯是 SOAFP 的主要成分。废气源中OFP的主要成分是间,对二甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯和1,3,5-三甲苯,而间,对二甲苯、间,对二乙基苯和1,3, 5-三甲苯是 SOAFP 的主要成分。在使用乙醇汽油的地区，不仅要特别注意尾气排放控制，还要加强汽车蒸发源VOCs的减排，特别是芳烃、烯烃等高活性成分。