INTRODUCTION Adolescents with an immigrant background, whether first-generation (born abroad) or second-generation (at least one parent born abroad), face challenges that could compromise their psychological adjustment compared to their third-plus generation peers. Yet, many are developing positively despite the presence of adversity. To understand what contributes to these adolescents' resilience, it can be useful to study the coping strategies they use. METHODS A total of 1036 Canadian secondary school students participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study (Mage  = 12.9; 56% females; 26% first-generation; 34% second generation; 39% third-plus generation). Coping strategies (coping orientation to problems experienced inventory) were assessed and their differentiated associations with self-esteem, anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were analyzed through path analysis and invariance testing. RESULTS First-generation adolescents reported more acceptance/reinterpretation and substance use than second- and third-plus generation adolescents. First- and second-generation adolescents reported using religion more than third-plus generation adolescents. First-generation adolescents used self-distraction more often than second-generation adolescents, who used it more often than third-plus generation. The use of humor was more prevalent in second-generation adolescents compared with their third-plus generation peers. In addition, some associations between coping strategies and psychological adjustment differed across generations. In first-generation adolescents, behavioral disengagement was significantly associated with fewer anxiety symptoms. The same trend was observed in second-generation adolescents who used self-distraction. These avoidant strategies are generally associated with poor psychological adjustment. CONCLUSIONS This study adds new knowledge about differences across generations in the coping strategies used by adolescents to deal with stress. Further practical implications are discussed.

中文翻译：

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应对及其与心理调整的关联：第一代、第二代和第三代以上青少年之间的差异。

引言 与第三代以上的同龄人相比，具有移民背景的青少年，无论是第一代（出生在国外）还是第二代（至少有一个父母出生在国外），都面临着可能影响他们心理适应的挑战。然而，尽管存在逆境，许多人仍在积极发展。要了解是什么有助于这些青少年的复原力，研究他们使用的应对策略会很有用。方法 共有 1036 名加拿大中学生参与了这项定量横断面研究（Mage = 12.9；56% 女性；26% 第一代；34% 第二代；39% 三代以上）。应对策略（应对问题经历清单）进行了评估，以及它们与自尊的不同关联，通过路径分析和不变性检验分析焦虑（儿童焦虑相关情绪障碍筛查）和抑郁症状（流行病学研究中心抑郁量表）。结果与第二代和第三代以上的青少年相比，第一代青少年报告了更多的接受/重新解释和物质使用。第一代和第二代青少年报告使用宗教信仰的次数多于第三代以上的青少年。第一代青少年比第二代青少年更频繁地使用自我分心，而第二代青少年比第三代更频繁地使用它。与第三代以上的同龄人相比，第二代青少年更普遍地使用幽默。此外，应对策略和心理调整之间的一些关联因代而异。在第一代青少年中，行为脱离与较少的焦虑症状显着相关。在使用自我分心的第二代青少年中也观察到了同样的趋势。这些回避策略通常与不良的心理适应有关。结论 本研究增加了关于青少年应对压力所使用的应对策略的代际差异的新知识。进一步的实际意义进行了讨论。结论 本研究增加了关于青少年应对压力所使用的应对策略的代际差异的新知识。进一步的实际意义进行了讨论。结论 本研究增加了关于青少年应对压力所使用的应对策略的代际差异的新知识。进一步的实际意义进行了讨论。