Links between global levels of maternal depressive symptoms and parenting behavior in early childhood are well established. However, depression is a heterogeneous disorder and little is known about how individual differences in depression symptoms may be differentially associated with different types of parenting behavior. We aimed to uncover nuance in the relationship between depression and parenting behavior by examining individual differences in symptoms of maternal depression and associations with parenting behavior with 2- and 3-year-old children. Participants included 714 diverse, low-income mothers and their 2-year-old children. Maternal depression symptoms were self-reported at child age 2. Three domains of parenting behavior (harsh, positive, and disengaged) were coded from mother-child interactions at ages 2 and 3. Individual differences in maternal depressive symptoms at child age 2 comprised five profiles: low, interpersonal rejection, moderate, high depressed affect and physical, and severe. Women with the high depressed affect and physical profile demonstrated the greatest risk for parenting challenges with higher levels of harsh parenting at child age 2 compared to all other profiles and higher levels of disengaged parenting at child age 3 compared to the low, moderate, and severe profiles. Unexpectedly, positive parenting did not differ by maternal depression profile at either age. There is wide heterogeneity in symptoms of depression among mothers of 2-year-old children that is clinically relevant for different dimensions of parenting. Physical and depressed affect symptoms in particular may present risk for harsh parenting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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母亲抑郁症状的个体差异及其与养育行为的关联。


全球孕产妇抑郁症状水平与幼儿期养育行为之间的联系已得到充分证实。然而，抑郁症是一种异质性疾病，人们对抑郁症状的个体差异如何与不同类型的养育行为有不同的关联知之甚少。我们的目的是通过检查母亲抑郁症状的个体差异以及与 2 岁和 3 岁儿童的养育行为之间的关系，来揭示抑郁症与养育行为之间关系的细微差别。参与者包括 714 名不同背景的低收入母亲及其 2 岁的孩子。母亲在 2 岁时自我报告抑郁症状。根据 2 岁和 3 岁时的母子互动，对养育行为的三个领域（严厉、积极和疏离）进行编码。2 岁时母亲抑郁症状的个体差异包括 5 个方面。概况：低，人际排斥，中度，高抑郁情绪和身体，以及严重。具有高度抑郁情绪和身体特征的女性表现出最大的养育挑战风险，与所有其他特征相比，在 2 岁时，她们在 2 岁时受到的严厉养育程度更高，在 3 岁时，与低、中和重度特征相比，养育方式脱离的程度也更高。配置文件。出乎意料的是，积极的养育方式并没有因两个年龄的母亲抑郁状况而有所不同。 2 岁儿童母亲的抑郁症状存在广泛的异质性，这在临床上与不同的养育方式相关。身体和抑郁情绪症状尤其可能带来严厉养育的风险。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。