Chorea is considered a nonthrombotic manifestation of the antiphospholipid syndrome, often preceding thrombotic events in children. It can be present in up to 5% of pediatric patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Immunomodulatory treatment regimens seem to be successful in these patients, emphasizing the underlying immunological etiology. Corticosteroids are considered first-line treatment, but chorea tends to be therapy-resistant and guidelines about second-line therapy in children are solely based on small case studies. We present a case of a therapy-resistant chorea, successfully treated with rituximab. Furthermore, we give an overview of the existing literature concerning rituximab for the treatment of chorea in children. Our findings indicate that rituximab can be considered a safe option to treat antiphospholipid syndrome-related chorea in children.

舞蹈症被认为是抗磷脂综合征的一种非血栓性表现，通常发生在儿童血栓形成事件之前。多达 5% 的抗磷脂综合征儿科患者可出现这种情况。免疫调节治疗方案似乎在这些患者中是成功的，强调了潜在的免疫病因。皮质类固醇被认为是一线治疗，但舞蹈症往往对治疗产生耐药性，儿童二线治疗的指南仅基于小型案例研究。我们介绍了一个用利妥昔单抗成功治疗的难治性舞蹈病病例。此外，我们概述了有关利妥昔单抗治疗儿童舞蹈症的现有文献。