ABSTRACT

This is the first study aiming to test two universality claims of attachment theory within a rural Andean sample from Cusco, Peru. A total of 69 mothers and their children (6 to 36 months) participated. Child attachment security was assessed with the Attachment Q-set (AQS), maternal sensitivity was measured during three naturalistic episodes (free interaction, bathing, and feeding) with the Ainsworth sensitivity scale and the Maternal Behavior Q-sort (MBQS), and a cumulative maternal risk variable was calculated. Results revealed that most children displayed less characteristic secure base behaviors in the interactions with their mothers, compared to other reference samples. Furthermore, an association between maternal sensitivity and child attachment security was found, and a negative relation between maternal sensitivity and the cumulative risk variable. These results support some of the attachment theory’s universality claims, and suggest new avenues for research on assessment issues in rural samples in the Global South.

摘要

这是第一项旨在测试秘鲁库斯科农村安第斯山脉样本中依恋理论的两个普遍性主张的研究。共有 69 名母亲及其子女（6 至 36 个月）参加。使用依恋 Q 集 (AQS) 评估儿童依恋安全性，使用 Ainsworth 敏感性量表和母亲行为 Q-sort (MBQS) 测量三个自然事件（自由互动、洗澡和喂养）期间的母亲敏感性，以及计算了累积的孕产妇风险变量。结果显示，与其他参考样本相比，大多数儿童在与母亲的互动中表现出较少的典型安全基础行为。此外，还发现了母亲的敏感性和儿童依恋安全性之间的关联，以及母体敏感性与累积风险变量之间的负相关。这些结果支持了依恋理论的一些普遍性主张，并为研究全球南方农村样本中的评估问题提出了新的途径。