In the modern era and especially in the 20th century, the territory with most of the archaeological sites in central Russia and the Urals was used as agricultural land. The history of long-term studies of medieval Finno-Ugric settlements (Cis-Urals) makes it possible to distinguish segments of an occupation layer in various states of preservation: superficially disrupted, replaced and transported. Superficially disrupted and replaced layers are found at the settlement site and are believed to be residential and economic areas​​. The transported layer is mainly transported to the slopes of the terraces to which the sites of the Chepetskaya culture are assigned. Therefore, it is necessary to study not only the site of the settlement itself but also the adjacent territory. To reconstruct the boundaries and structure of medieval settlements, a new methodological approach has been proposed. Initially, a statistical analysis of multispectral aerial photography data was carried out: the calculation of Haralick's textural features; the reduction in the number of features by principal component analysis and the segmentation of images based on the obtained features using the k-means method. This makes it possible to divide the settlement site and the surrounding area into areas with fundamentally different vegetation intensities. A comparison with the geophysical, soil and archaeological survey data allows the interpretation of the identified areas. The research was carried out at the settlement of Kushman-3 (9th–13th centuries AD). Two lines of defensive structures, which are not manifested in the relief, were identified; the structural parts of the settlement were determined and an interpretation of the way they were used in the Middle Ages was proposed. As a result of the application of the new statistical algorithm, the locations of occupation layer segments in different states of preservation were determined, and the boundaries of the Kushman-3 settlement were substantiated.

中文翻译：

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基于多光谱成像统计分析的考古遗址占用层重建

在现代，特别是在 20 世纪，俄罗斯中部和乌拉尔地区考古遗址最多的地区被用作农业用地。对中世纪芬兰-乌戈尔人定居点（独联体-乌拉尔人）的长期研究历史使得区分处于不同保存状态的占领层的各个部分成为可能：表面上被破坏、替换和运输。在定居点​​发现了表面被破坏和替换的层，据信是住宅和经济区。输送层主要输送到切佩茨卡亚文化遗址所在的梯田斜坡。因此，不仅要研究定居点本身，还要研究邻近地区。重建中世纪定居点的边界和结构，提出了一种新的方法。最初，对多光谱航拍数据进行了统计分析：Haralick纹理特征的计算；通过主成分分析减少特征数量，并使用 k-means 方法根据获得的特征对图像进行分割。这使得可以将定居点和周围区域划分为具有根本不同植被强度的区域。通过与地球物理、土壤和考古调查数据的比较，可以对确定的区域进行解释。这项研究是在库什曼 3 号（公元 9 至 13 世纪）的定居点进行的。确定了两条在浮雕中没有表现出来的防御结构；确定了定居点的结构部分，并提出了对它们在中世纪使用方式的解释。由于应用了新的统计算法，确定了不同保存状态的占据层段的位置，并证实了 Kushman-3 聚落的边界。