Feeding Patterns of Healthy Term Newborns in the First 5 Days—The Glucose in Well Babies Study (GLOW),Journal of Human Lactation

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Feeding Patterns of Healthy Term Newborns in the First 5 Days—The Glucose in Well Babies Study (GLOW)
Journal of Human Lactation ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 , DOI: 10.1177/08903344221087605
Deborah L Harris _{1,

2,

3} , Philip J Weston ₁ , Jane E Harding ₂

Affiliation

Background:

The feeding patterns of healthy newborns have been poorly described.

Research Aim:

To determine the feeding patterns of healthy term newborns soon after birth, and if these differed with sex, gestation, and mode of birth.

Methods:

This study was a prospective, longitudinal observational cohort study. Term, appropriately grown newborns (N = 66) were fed according to maternal choice and details were recorded. Data were analyzed using generalized Poisson regression for feeding frequencies, and mixed model regression of log-transformed data for durations.

Results:

The participants completing the study had a M = 3589 g (SD = 348 g) birthweight, with a gestation age of M = 40.1 (1.2) weeks. All participants were breastfed; 23 (35%) also received expressed human milk and 10 (15%) received formula. Participants had fewer feeding sessions on Day 1, (M = 7.3 [1.9] sessions/day) increasing to (M = 9.4 [2.4] sessions/day) by Day 3, then reducing to (M = 9.0 [2.2] sessions/day) on Day 5, p < .001. The overall duration of breastfeeding sessions varied widely (Mdn = 29 [range = 1–447] min). Feed frequency but not duration was higher in males than females (M = 8.9, SE = 0.2 vs. 8.1, 02, sessions/day, p = .03), in newborns born ≥ 40 weeks’ gestation (M = 8.9, SE = 0.3 vs. 8.2, 02, sessions/day, p = .04), and in newborns born by Caesarean section (M = 9.4, SE = 0.3 vs. 8.4, 02, sessions/day, for vaginal birth, p = .003).

Conclusion:

Feeding patterns of healthy term newborns vary widely, but frequency increases during the first 3 days, and is greater in males, newborns born late term, and born by Caesarean section.

Clinical Trial Registration:

The Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Ref: ACTRN12615000986572. The study protocol is available online: http://hdl.handle.net/2292/32066

中文翻译：

健康足月新生儿前 5 天的喂养模式——健康婴儿研究 (GLOW) 中的葡萄糖

背景：

对健康新生儿的喂养方式的描述很少。

研究目的：

确定健康足月新生儿出生后不久的喂养模式，以及这些喂养模式是否因性别、妊娠和出生方式而异。

方法：

本研究是一项前瞻性、纵向观察性队列研究。足月，根据母亲的选择喂养适当成长的新生儿（N = 66）并记录详细信息。数据使用广义泊松回归分析喂养频率，并使用对数转换数据的混合模型回归分析持续时间。

结果：

完成研究的参与者的出生体重M = 3589 g ( SD = 348 g)，孕龄M = 40.1 (1.2) 周。所有参与者都进行了母乳喂养；23 人 (35%) 也接受了挤出的母乳，10 人 (15%) 接受了配方奶。参与者在第 1 天的喂食次数较少，( M = 7.3 [1.9] 次/天) 到第 3 天增加到 ( M = 9.4 [2.4] 次/天)，然后减少到 ( M = 9.0 [2.2] 次/天) 在第 5 天，p < .001。母乳喂养的总持续时间差异很大（Mdn = 29 [范围 = 1–447] 分钟）。男性的进食频率而非持续时间高于女性（M = 8.9，SE = 0.2 vs. 8.1, 02, 会话/天, p = .03), 在 ≥ 40 孕周出生的新生儿中 ( M = 8.9, SE = 0.3 vs. 8.2, 02, 会话/天, p = .04) , 剖腹产新生儿 ( M = 9.4, SE = 0.3 vs. 8.4, 02, session/day, 对于阴道分娩, p = .003)。