BACKGROUND Zearalenone (ZEA) is a resorcylic acid lactone derivative derived from various Fusarium species that are widely found in food and feeds. The molecular structure of ZEA resembles that of the mammalian hormone 17β-oestradiol, thus zearalenone and its metabolites are known to compete with endogenous hormones for estrogen receptors binding sites and to activate transcription of oestrogen-responsive genes. However, the effect of long-term low-dose ZEA exposure on the reproductive response to Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture for first-parity gilts has not yet been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of ZEA as an estrogen receptor selective modulator and the alleviating effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G cultures as ZEA biodegraders in pregnant sows during their first parity. RESULTS A total of 80 first-parity gilts (Yorkshire × Landrace) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments during gestation: CO (positive control); MO (negative control, 246 μg ZEA/kg diet); COA (CO + B. subtilis ANSB01G culture with 2 × 109 CFU/kg diet); MOA (MO + B. subtilis ANSB01G culture with 2 × 109 CFU/kg diet). There were 20 replications per treatment with one gilt per replicate. Feeding low-dose ZEA naturally contaminated diets disordered most of reproductive hormones secretion and affected estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β concentrations in serum and specific organs and led to moderate histopathological changes of gilts, but did not cause significant detrimental effects on reproductive performance. The addition of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture to the diet can effectively relieve the competence of ZEA to estrogen receptor and the disturbance of reproductive hormones secretion, and then ameliorate toxicosis of ZEA in gilts. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study investigated the effects of feeding low-dose ZEA on reproduction in pregnant sows during their first parity. Feeding low-dose ZEA could modulate estrogen receptor-α and -β concentrations in specific organs, cause disturbance of reproductive hormones and vulva swelling, and damage organ histopathology and up-regulate apoptosis in sow models. Diet with Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G alleviated negative effects of the ZEA on gilts to some extent.

中文翻译：

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玉米赤霉烯酮作为雌激素受体选择性调节剂对繁殖的毒性和减轻妊娠母猪的玉米赤霉烯酮生物降解剂。

背景技术玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)是衍生自广泛存在于食品和饲料中的多种镰刀菌属的间苯二甲酸内酯衍生物。ZEA 的分子结构类似于哺乳动物激素 17β-雌二醇的分子结构，因此已知玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢物与内源性激素竞争雌激素受体结合位点并激活雌激素反应基因的转录。然而，尚未研究长期低剂量 ZEA 暴露对头胎后备母猪对枯草芽孢杆菌 ANSB01G 培养物的繁殖反应的影响。本研究旨在研究 ZEA 作为雌激素受体选择性调节剂的毒性作用以及枯草芽孢杆菌 ANSB01G 培养物作为 ZEA 生物降解剂在怀孕母猪头胎期间的缓解作用。结果 共有 80 头初产后备母猪（约克夏 × 长白）在妊娠期间被随机分配到四种饮食处理：CO（阳性对照）；MO（阴性对照，246 μg ZEA/kg 饮食）；COA（CO + 枯草芽孢杆菌 ANSB01G 培养物，含 2 × 109 CFU/kg 日粮）；MOA（MO + B. subtilis ANSB01G 培养物，2 × 109 CFU/kg 饮食）。每个处理有 20 个重复，每个重复一头小母猪。饲喂低剂量 ZEA 天然污染的日粮会扰乱大部分生殖激素分泌，影响血清和特定器官中雌激素受体-α 和雌激素受体-β 的浓度，并导致后备母猪适度的组织病理学变化，但不会对繁殖性能造成显着的不利影响. 日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌ANSB01G培养物可有效缓解ZEA对雌激素受体的能力和对生殖激素分泌的干扰，进而改善后备母猪ZEA的中毒。结论 总的来说，我们的研究调查了饲喂低剂量 ZEA 对怀孕母猪头胎期间繁殖的影响。饲喂低剂量 ZEA 可调节特定器官中雌激素受体-α 和 -β 的浓度，导致生殖激素紊乱和外阴肿胀，并损害器官组织病理学并上调母猪模型的细胞凋亡。枯草芽孢杆菌 ANSB01G 日粮在一定程度上减轻了 ZEA 对后备母猪的负面影响。我们的研究调查了饲喂低剂量 ZEA 对初产母猪繁殖的影响。饲喂低剂量 ZEA 可调节特定器官中雌激素受体-α 和 -β 的浓度，导致生殖激素紊乱和外阴肿胀，并损害器官组织病理学并上调母猪模型的细胞凋亡。枯草芽孢杆菌 ANSB01G 日粮在一定程度上减轻了 ZEA 对后备母猪的负面影响。我们的研究调查了饲喂低剂量 ZEA 对初产母猪繁殖的影响。饲喂低剂量 ZEA 可调节特定器官中雌激素受体-α 和 -β 的浓度，导致生殖激素紊乱和外阴肿胀，并损害器官组织病理学并上调母猪模型的细胞凋亡。枯草芽孢杆菌 ANSB01G 日粮在一定程度上减轻了 ZEA 对后备母猪的负面影响。