Atropa belladonna is an important industrial crop for producing anticholinergic tropane alkaloids (TAs). Using glyphosate as selection pressure, transgenic homozygous plants of A. belladonna are generated, in which a novel calmodulin gene (AbCaM1) and a reported EPSPS gene (G2-EPSPS) are co-overexpressed. AbCaM1 is highly expressed in secondary roots of A. belladonna and has calcium-binding activity. Three transgenic homozygous lines were generated and their glyphosate tolerance and TAs’ production were evaluated in the field. Transgenic homozygous lines produced TAs at much higher levels than wild-type plants. In the leaves of T2GC02, T2GC05, and T2GC06, the hyoscyamine content was 8.95-, 10.61-, and 9.96 mg/g DW, the scopolamine content was 1.34-, 1.50- and 0.86 mg/g DW, respectively. Wild-type plants of A. belladonna produced hyoscyamine and scopolamine respectively at the levels of 2.45 mg/g DW and 0.30 mg/g DW in leaves. Gene expression analysis indicated that AbCaM1 significantly up-regulated seven key TA biosynthesis genes. Transgenic homozygous lines could tolerate a commercial recommended dose of glyphosate in the field. In summary, new varieties of A. belladonna not only produce pharmaceutical TAs at high levels but tolerate glyphosate, facilitating industrial production of TAs and weed management at a much lower cost.

颠茄是生产抗胆碱能托烷生物碱（TAs）的重要工业作物。使用草甘膦作为选择压力，产生颠茄转基因纯合植物，其中新的钙调蛋白基因（ AbCaM1 ）和报道的EPSPS基因（ G2-EPSPS ）共过表达。 AbCaM1在颠茄次生根中高表达，具有钙结合活性。产生了三个转基因纯合品系，并在田间评估了它们的草甘膦耐受性和TAs的生产。转基因纯合品系产生的 TA 水平比野生型植物高得多。在T2GC02、T2GC05和T2GC06的叶子中，天仙子胺含量分别为8.95、10.61和9.96 mg/g DW，东莨菪碱含量分别为1.34、1.50和0.86 mg/g DW。颠茄野生型植物在叶子中产生的天仙子胺和东莨菪碱的水平分别为2.45 mg/g DW和0.30 mg/g DW。基因表达分析表明AbCaM1显着上调 7 个关键 TA 生物合成基因。转基因纯合品系可以在田间耐受商业推荐剂量的草甘膦。综上所述，颠茄新品种不仅能高水平生产药用TAs，而且对草甘膦具有耐受性，有利于以更低的成本实现TAs的工业化生产和杂草治理。