To date, a deficit-oriented approach dominates autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research, including studies of infant siblings of children with ASD at high risk (HR) for the disabilities associated with this disorder. Despite scientific advances regarding early ASD-related risk, there remains little systematic investigation of positive development, limiting the scope of research and quite possibly a deeper understanding of pathways toward and away from ASD-related impairments. In this paper, we argue that integrating a resilience framework into early ASD research has the potential to enhance knowledge on prodromal course, phenotypic heterogeneity, and developmental processes of risk and adaptation. We delineate a developmental systems resilience framework with particular reference to HR infants. To illustrate the utility of a resilience perspective, we consider the “female protective effect” and other evidence of adaptation in the face of ASD-related risk. We suggest that a resilience framework invites focal questions about the nature, timing, levels, interactions, and mechanisms by which positive adaptation occurs in relation to risk and developmental pathways toward and away from ASD-related difficulties. We conclude with recommendations for future research, including more focus on adaptive development and multisystem processes, pathways away from disorder, and reconsideration of extant evidence within an integrated risk-and-resilience framework.

迄今为止，以缺陷为导向的方法在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 研究中占主导地位，包括对 ASD 儿童的婴儿兄弟姐妹进行的研究，这些儿童的兄弟姐妹处于与这种疾病相关的残疾的高风险 (HR) 中。尽管在早期 ASD 相关风险方面取得了科学进步，但对积极发展的系统调查仍然很少，这限制了研究范围，并且很可能更深入地了解通往和远离 ASD 相关障碍的途径。在本文中，我们认为将弹性框架整合到早期 ASD 研究中有可能增强对前驱过程、表型异质性以及风险和适应发展过程的了解。我们描述了一个发育系统弹性框架，特别是针对 HR 婴儿。为了说明弹性观点的效用，我们考虑“女性保护效应”和其他适应自闭症相关风险的证据。我们建议，弹性框架会引发关于积极适应的性质、时间、水平、相互作用和机制的焦点问题，这些问题与风险和发展途径相关，以应对和远离 ASD 相关的困难。我们总结了对未来研究的建议，包括更多地关注适应性发展和多系统过程、远离混乱的途径，以及在综合风险和恢复力框架内重新考虑现有证据。积极适应与风险和发展途径相关的积极适应机制，以应对和远离 ASD 相关困难。我们总结了对未来研究的建议，包括更多地关注适应性发展和多系统过程、远离混乱的途径，以及在综合风险和恢复力框架内重新考虑现有证据。积极适应与风险和发展途径相关的积极适应机制，以应对和远离 ASD 相关困难。我们总结了对未来研究的建议，包括更多地关注适应性发展和多系统过程、远离混乱的途径，以及在综合风险和恢复力框架内重新考虑现有证据。