While conspiracy theories about COVID-19 are proliferating, their impact on health-related responses during the present pandemic is not yet fully understood. We meta-analyzed correlational and longitudinal evidence from 53 studies (N = 78,625) conducted in 2020 and 2021. Conspiracy beliefs were weakly associated with more reluctance toward prevention measures both cross-sectionally and over time. They explained lower vaccination and social distancing responses but were unrelated to mask wearing and hygiene responses. Conspiracy beliefs showed an increasing association with prevention responses as the pandemic progressed and explained support for alternative treatments lacking scientific bases (e.g., chloroquine treatment, complementary medicine). Despite small and heterogenous effects, at a large scale, conspiracy beliefs are a non-negligible threat to public health.

尽管有关 COVID-19 的阴谋论不断涌现，但其对当前大流行期间健康相关应对措施的影响尚未完全了解。我们对 2020 年和 2021 年进行的 53 项研究 (N = 78,625) 的相关和纵向证据进行了荟萃分析。无论是横向还是随着时间的推移，阴谋论信念与更不愿意采取预防措施之间存在微弱关联。他们解释了较低的疫苗接种率和社交距离反应，但与佩戴口罩和卫生反应无关。随着大流行的发展，阴谋论信念与预防反应的联系越来越紧密，并解释了对缺乏科学依据的替代疗法（例如氯喹治疗、补充医学）的支持。尽管阴谋论的影响较小且各异，但从大范围来看，阴谋论对公共健康构成了不可忽视的威胁。