Single-cell sequencing studies on the lung microenvironment have revealed that the outcome of COVID-19 depends largely on the immune system response rather than the viral load. A robust innate immune response and a regulated adaptive immunity can prevent the worst outcomes such as hospitalization and the need for mechanical ventilation. Intriguingly, several vaccines pertaining to the routine vaccination schedule, not only BCG, can skew the immune response towards the aforementioned beneficial effects. This means that routine immunization not only can help in the current pandemic but can also offer a rapid rescue in the subsequent epidemics or pandemics until a vaccine is developed.

中文翻译：

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从 COVID-19 中吸取的教训：常规免疫接种能否成为抵御下一次大流行的第一道防线？

对肺微环境的单细胞测序研究表明，COVID-19 的结果很大程度上取决于免疫系统的反应，而不是病毒载量。强大的先天免疫反应和调节的适应性免疫可以防止最坏的结果，例如住院和机械通气的需要。有趣的是，与常规疫苗接种计划有关的几种疫苗，不仅是卡介苗，可以使免疫反应偏向上述有益效果。这意味着常规免疫不仅可以在当前的大流行中有所帮助，而且还可以在随后的流行或大流行中提供快速救援，直到开发出疫苗为止。