Determination of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and root zone soil-water dynamics/distribution coupled with nitrogen (N) management strategies is important for effective management of agricultural fields for enhancing production efficiency. However, limited data and knowledge exist that sufficiently inform how soil-water dynamics and ETc response may vary with coupled irrigation levels and different N application timings under different irrigation methods. Extensive field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 under center pivot (CP), subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), and furrow irrigation (FI) at full irrigation treatment (FIT), 80% FIT, 60% FIT, and rainfed treatment (RFT) with N application timing treatments of traditional N (TN), non-traditional-1 (NT-1), and non-traditional-2 (NT-2) to quantify and compare seasonal maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, soil-water dynamics, ETc, and ETc vs. seasonal irrigation and total water supply relationships. Soil-water status and plant water extraction exhibited substantial differences between the irrigation levels and N management and with the irrigation methods. Irrigation method significantly (p < 0.05) influenced ETc. CP had significantly higher ETc than SDI; and SDI had significantly higher ETc than FI. The NT-1 and NT-2 treatments had significantly higher ETc than TN. ETc was greatly influenced by the water availability more than N timing applications. The slope of maize ETc exhibited inter-annual and intra-annual variation between N treatments, irrigation methods, and years. CP had higher slope than FI and SDI and FI had higher slope than SDI under traditional and NT N management in both years (except NT-2 at SDI in 2017). These important findings can provide guidance to improve maize production efficiency by considering the coupled irrigation and N management strategies under different irrigation methods.

确定作物蒸散量 (ETc) 和根区土壤水分动态/分布以及氮 (N) 管理策略对于有效管理农田以提高生产效率非常重要。然而，有限的数据和知识足以说明土壤-水动态和 ETc 响应如何随耦合灌溉水平和不同灌溉方法. 2016 年和 2017 年在中心枢轴 (CP)、地下滴灌 (SDI) 和沟灌 (FI) 下进行了广泛的田间试验，采用全灌溉处理 (FIT)、80% FIT、60% FIT 和雨养处理 (RFT) ) 对传统 N (TN)、non-traditional-1 (NT-1) 和 non-traditional-2 (NT-2) 进行 N 施用时间处理，以量化和比较季节性玉米 (Zea mays L.) 的谷物产量，土壤-水动态、ETc 和 ETc 与季节性灌溉和总供水关系。土壤水分状况和植物水分提取在灌溉水平和氮管理以及灌溉方法之间表现出显着差异。灌溉方法显着（p < 0.05）影响ETc。CP的ETc显着高于SDI；SDI 的 ETc 显着高于 FI。NT-1 和NT-2 处理的ETc 显着高于TN。ETc 比 N 定时应用受水可用性的影响很大。玉米 ETc 的斜率在 N 处理、灌溉方法和年份之间表现出年际和年内变化。在传统和 NT N 管理下，CP 的斜率高于 FI 和 SDI，FI 的斜率高于 SDI（2017 年 SDI 的 NT-2 除外）。这些重要发现可以通过考虑不同灌溉方法下的灌溉和氮素管理策略来提高玉米生产效率。在传统和 NT N 管理下，CP 的斜率高于 FI 和 SDI，FI 的斜率高于 SDI（2017 年 SDI 的 NT-2 除外）。这些重要发现可以通过考虑不同灌溉方法下的灌溉和氮素管理策略来提高玉米生产效率。在传统和 NT N 管理下，CP 的斜率高于 FI 和 SDI，FI 的斜率高于 SDI（2017 年 SDI 的 NT-2 除外）。这些重要发现可以通过考虑不同灌溉方法下的灌溉和氮素管理策略来提高玉米生产效率。